Renal lower calyceal stones Urological and Genital Diseases
Conditions
Interventions
Patients will be randomized into three groups:
Group A: SWL
Group B: RIRS
Group C: PCNL
The randomization allocation sequence will be produced with the online free Random Allocation Software (M. Sagh
Sponsors
Humanitas Mater Domini - Castellanza
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Consecutive patients with a single LP stone with a diameter of 1 to 2 cm as measured at CT scan, that received the indication of active removal according to EAU Guidelines 2. Age between 18 and 75 years
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Presence of coagulation disorders 2. Age under 18 or over 75 years 3. Presence of acute infection (fever more than 38° C or total leucocyte count more than 15000/dl) 4. Presence of solitary kidney 5. Coexisting ureteric disease (tumour or stricture) 6. Pregnancy 7. Presence of cardiovascular or pulmonary comorbidities 8. Multiple stones 9. Steep infundibolar-pelvic angle (< 30°) 10. Longer calyx more than 10 mm 11. Narrow infundibulum (less than 5 mm) as demonstrated by contrast enhanced CT 12. Patients who refuse to give consent to the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Stone-free rate (SFR), defined as a negative CT scan or an asymptomatic patient with stone fragments less than 3 mm and a negative urine culture, measured at 3 months | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Peri- and post-operative complications of procedures, classified using the validated Dindo-modified Clavien System, during the hospitalization and until 3 months | — |
Countries
Austria, England, Italy, Russian Federation, United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed