Schistosoma haematobium infections Infections and Infestations Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma haematobium [urinary schistosomiasis]
Conditions
Interventions
The study will be implemented in 45 shehias in both Unguja and Pemba. Among the 45 shehias on each island 15 were randomly assigned to one of the following three intervention arms:
1.
Sponsors
Natural History Museum (UK)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Schoolchildren, either male or female, aged 9-12 years, attending the selected schools (in each study year) 2. First-year students, either male or female, attending the selected schools (in years 1 and 5) 3. Adults aged 20-55 years from the selected communities (shehias), only one adult per household, pregnant women are eligible (in years 1 and 5) 4. Submitted written informed consent sheet signed by parent or legal guardian in case of participating children or signed by the participant in case of participating adults 5. Oral assent from participant given 6. One urine sample provided (from 9-12-year old children in each study year; from first-year students and adults in years 1 and 5) 7. One blood sample obtained (from first-year students in years 1 and 5)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Children not attending the selected schools 2. Children not aged 9-12 years (in years 2, 3, and 4) 3. Children not aged 9-12 years or being first-year students (in years 1 and 5) 4. Adults not resident in the selected shehias 5. Adults aged 55 years (in years 1 and 5) 6. Written informed consent not submitted or not signed by parent or legal guardian in case of participating children or not signed by the participant in case of participating adults 7. No oral assent given 8. No urine sample provided (for 9-12-year old children in each study year; for first-year students and adults in years 1 and 5) 9. No blood sample obtained (from first-year students in years 1 and 5)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Current primary outcome measure as of 25/03/2019: S. haematobium infection prevalence and intensity based on urine filtration results in 9- to 12-year-old children after five years of follow-up (i.e. at the 5-year endline survey in 2017) Previous primary outcome measure: Elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis in Unguja and reduction of the S. haematobium prevalence <10% in Pemba after 5 years of interventions | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium infections in 9-12-year-old schoolchildren and antibody levels against S. haematobium in first-year students, hence judging current infection status and history of exposure, and prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium infections in adults and first-year students 2. Impact of niclosamide on snail populations, schistosome transmission and reinfection of the Zanzibari population 3. Changes in the behaviour of the human population associated with parasite transmission 4. Sensitivity and specificity of novel diagnostic methods | — |
Countries
England, Switzerland, Tanzania, United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed