Symptoms of post-traumatic stress Mental and Behavioural Disorders Post-traumatic stress disorder
Conditions
Interventions
The trial has two arms (i.e., an intervention arm and a control arm) and the cluster is assigned by school and in an allocation ratio of 1:1. The researchers used an online randomisation tool named se
Sponsors
Uppsala University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria for schools: 1. Must be multi-ethnic secondary schools that have grades 7–8 and/or introduction classes for newcomer adolescents, including at upper secondary schools 2. Must have an interest in participating in the school-based interventions. Inclusion criteria for adolescents who receive TRT: 1. Legal guardian consents to participation if the adolescent is <15 years 2. Adolescent self-consents to participate if they are ?15 years 3. Time spent in Sweden less than or equal to 6 years 4. Screen positive on the Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale-8 (CRIES- 8) PTSD screening tool (=17 points) 5. Therapist does not advises against intervention Inclusion criteria for parents/guardians: 1. Parent/guardian consents to participation 2. Parent/guardian has a child who receives TRT Inclusion criteria for teachers: 1. Teacher consents to participation Inclusion criteria for adolescents not receiving TRT: 1. Legal guardian consents to participation if the adolescent is <15 years 2. Adolescent self-consents to participate if they are ?15 years
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria for schools: 1. School is not multiethnic (i.e., fewer than 30% of students have a non-Swedish background) 2. School is not interested in participating Exclusion criteria for adolescents who receive TRT: 1. Legal guardian does not consent to participation if the adolescent is <15 years or adolescent does not self-consents to participate if they are ?15 years 2. Time spent in Sweden is greater than 6 years 3. Screen negative on the Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale-8 (CRIES- 8) PTSD screening tool (less than 17 points) 4. Therapist advises against intervention Exclusion criteria for parents/guardians: 1. Parent/guardian does not consent to participation 2. Parent/guardian does not have a child who receives TRT Exclusion criteria for teachers: 1. Teacher does not consent to participation Exclusion criteria for adolescents not receiving TRT: 1. Legal guardian does not consent to participation if the adolescent is <15 years or adolescent does not self-consent to participate if they are ?15 years
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The following outcomes are measured at baseline, post-intervention, and at three months follow-up: Adolescents who receive TRT: Measures of mental health problems including: PTSD symptoms, measured using the Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8) Parents who attend TRT as guardians: Measures of mental health problems including: Mental health, measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) Teachers who receive INSETT: 1. Measure of supportive parent-teacher interrelationships, including: Teacher-parent collaboration, measured by the Trust Scale (TS) 2. Measure of cultural competence, including: Multicultural awareness and understanding, measured by the Teacher Multicultural Attitude Scale (TMAS) Adolescents who do not receive TRT: Measures of social support and school belonging including: Feelings of belonging at school, measured by the Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The following outcomes are measured at baseline (except the adolescent PHQ-9 and teacher classroom atmosphere measure), post-intervention, and at three months follow-up: Adolescents who receive TRT: 1. Other measures of mental health problems and wellbeing including: 1.1. Internalizing and externalizing problems, measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) 1.2. Depression severity, measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) 1.3. Experience of the amount of stressors in daily life, measured by the Daily Stressors questionnaire (DSSYR) 1.4. Positive development and resilience, measured by the Child and Youth Resilience measure (CYR-12) 1.5. Wellbeing, measured by one item developed for this study 2. Measures of social support and school belonging including: 2.1. Social support, measured by a Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support 2.2. Existence of interethnic friendships and friendship satisfaction, measured by questions developed for this study 2.3. Experience of discrimination, measured by The Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire 2.4. Feelings of belonging at school, measured by the Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale 3. Measure of cognitive functioning, including: Perception of one’s own executive functions, measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) Parents who attend TRT as guardians: 1. Other measures of mental health problems including: 1.1. Self-reported health, measured by one item on the SF-36 1.2. PTSD symptoms in the parent, measured by the PTSD-8 questionnaire 2. Measures of social support and school belonging including: 2.1. Teacher-parent collaboration, measured by the Trust Scale (TS) 2.2. Experience of discrimination, measured by The Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire 2.3. Social support, measured by the Social Support Instrument (ESSI) Teachers who receive INSETT: 1. Measures of teachers’ self-efficacy and experiences with work, including: 1.1. Stres | — |
Countries
Sweden
Outcome results
None listed