Exercise training program (including aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and healthy lifestyle education) in prefrail and frail elders with different training sequence Not Applicable
Conditions
Interventions
There are three arms for the intervention. They are aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and healthy lifestyle education.
Protocols for aerobic exercise and resistance exercise are
Sponsors
University of Hong Kong
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age 65 years or above 2. Screened as frail or prefrail defined using cutoff scores of the 5-item FRAIL scale 3. Living in the community and planning to reside in the area for the duration of the study 4. Give informed consent to participate in the randomized controlled trial
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Have severe heart failure, uncontrolled angina, severe pulmonary disease, or end-stage disease with a life expectancy of less than 18 months; 2. Have been diagnosed as having dementia or falling below the suggested dementia screening cutoff using the clock-face test (Lam et al, 1998). 3. Has another member of the household as a participant in this study; 4. Has difficulty in communication with study personnel due to speech or hearing problems; 5. Has other medical, psychiatric, or behavioural factors that in the judgment of the PI may interfere with study participation or the ability to follow the intervention protocol. 6. Have had stroke, hip fracture, myocardial infarction, major heart surgery, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, spinal surgery, or hip or knee replacement within the previous 6 months; 7. Is currently prescribed activity limitation or weight-bearing limitation by a formal healthcare professional; 8. Limited physical activity due to chest pain or dyspnoea without definitive treatment by a healthcare provider; 9. Currently consume more than 14 alcoholic drinks per week; 10. Is currently enrolling in another randomized trial involving lifestyle or pharmaceutical interventions
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Measured at baseline, T1 (6 months), T2 (12 months), and T3 (18 months): 1. Frailty score is measured by the FRAIL scale (Morley et al, 2012) and 32-item Frailty Index (Kwan JSK et al, 2015) 2. Physical performance is measured by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (Guralnik et al, 1994), 30-second bicep curl, and 2-minute step test 3. Quality of life is measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument – Older Adults Module (WHOQoL-OLD) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Measured at baseline, T1 (6 months), T2 (12 months), and T3 (18 months): 1. Other physical performance measures (e.g., isometric handgrip strength) 2. Cardiorespiratory function (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate) 3. Social functioning as measured using the Lubben Social Network Scale 4. Cognitive performance 5. Mood as measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) 6. Sleep quality as measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 7. Nutrition as measured using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) 8. Mobility as measured using the LifeSpace Questionnaire 9. Activities of daily living (ADL) as measured using the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) 10. Instrumental Activities of daily living (IADL) as measured using the Lawton IADL scale 11. Health literacy as measured using the Chinese Health Literacy Scale for Chronic Care (CHLCC) 12. Physical exercise level as measured using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) 13. Falls 14. Body mass index (BMI) 15. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) 16. Utilization of healthcare resources | — |
Countries
Hong Kong
Outcome results
None listed