Infertility due to hypogonadism Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine
Conditions
Interventions
Retrospective study of anonymised data from case notes (obtaining treatment details from patient records without any identifiable information)
The researchers will not recruit any participants for t
Sponsors
Imperial College London
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Male
Age
18 Years to 100 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Adult men diagnosed with HH based on the clinical features of hypogonadism, low testosterone, and low gonadotropins 2. Pre-treatment sperm concentration <5 million/mL – congenital and acquired cases will be included 3. Treatment with gonadotrophins between 1995 to 2023 4. Follow-up for at least 2 years or until pregnancy in the partner, whichever is sooner
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Concomitant primary hypogonadism 2. Suspicion of reversible aetiology for HH e.g., anabolic steroids, opioids, morbid obesity
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Reported pregnancy in partner of patient collected from patient records at single timepoint of reported pregnancy | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Time to pregnancy in partner of patient, collected from patient records, at single timepoint of reported pregnancy 2. Use of assisted reproductive technology, collected from patient records, at single timepoint of reported use of ART 3. Appearance of sperm in the semen (in men with baseline azoospermia or inability to produce semen), collected from patient records, at multiple timepoints when semen sample performed (will vary between patients) 4. Sperm concentration >5 million/ml (in men with azoospermia/ inability to produce semen or sperm concentration <5 million/mL), collected from patient records, at multiple timepoints when semen sample performed (will vary between patients) 5. Live birth rates in the partner, collected from patient records at single timepoint of reported live birth 6. Reported adverse effects, collected from patient records at multiple timepoints when adverse effect reported | — |
Countries
England, France, Germany, Italy, Türkiye, United Kingdom, United States of America
Contacts
Public ContactBonnie Grant
Outcome results
None listed