Trauma-related haemorrhage (simulated context) Other
Conditions
Interventions
Participants were randomised (1:1 block randomisation) into two groups:
• Control (Verbal guidance): Participants received remote verbal instructions to identify the deltoid IM injection site on a sim
Sponsors
Devon Air Ambulance
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 100 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Aged 18 years and older 2. Able to give informed consent 3. No formal medical or nursing qualifications
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Aged under 18 years 2. Formal qualification in medicine, nursing, or paramedicine
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Proportion of participants who correctly identified a safe intramuscular injection site, defined as majority agreement (=2 of 3 raters) from independent clinical experts reviewing the standardised photographs post hoc (up to 30 days following data collection) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Rater concern about injection site safety: Proportion of sites eliciting concern, as assessed by independent clinical experts during post hoc photograph review (up to 30 days following data collection). 2. Participant confidence: Self-reported confidence in delivering an intramuscular injection, measured using a structured questionnaire immediately post-task 3. Effect of participant demographics and prior training: Association between participant age, sex, and prior first aid or injection training (collected via baseline questionnaire) and the accuracy of injection site identification, as determined by expert post hoc photograph review. | — |
Countries
England, United Kingdom
Contacts
Public ContactTim Nutbeam
Outcome results
None listed