Health/metabolic effects of healthy diets with cheese, beef or pork meat Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine
Conditions
Interventions
The study has a crossover design with four different diets. The randomization is carried out according to a Latin square design in order to assure that all test diets are equally distributed. Each of
Sponsors
Norwegian Agriculture Agency
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Men and women 2. Age between 18 and 40 years 3. BMI between 18.5 and 30 kg/m² 4. Healthy 5. Less than 10 hours of physical activity per week
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Use of any medication except birth control pills 2. Not consuming meat and/or dairy products 3. Willing to lose body weight 4. Food allergies 5. Problems with blood withdrawal or low blood pressure.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Blood values measured eight times; before and after the four test diet periods of 14 days: 1. Total serum triacylglycerol (before and after 14 days of each intervention) (mmol/l) 2. HDL-cholesterol (before and after 14 days of each intervention) (mmol/l) 3. LDL-cholesterol (before and after 14 days of each intervention) (mmol/l) Serum lipids are measured using accredited methods at a commercial medical laboratory in Norway. The changes in the lipid profile before and after the dietary interventions will be the primary outcome (mmol/l) 4. Inflammatory markers (interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using fasting serum samples before and after 14 days of each intervention (pg/ml) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Measured at fasting using accredited methods at a commercial medical laboratory in Norway using serum samples taken before and after the four test diet periods of 14 days: 1. ALT 2. AST 3. Insulin 4. C-reactive protein 5. Blood glucose 6. C-peptide pmol/L serum 7. 25-OH D3 nmol/L serum 8. Apolipoprotein A 9. Apolipoprotein B 10. Calcium 11. Ferritin 12. Iron 13. Vitamin B12 14. Lipid species (metabolites) measured by chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry-based metabolomics using serum samples. Calculated as fold changes in relation to pre-intervention values 15. Diet registration: collected four times at baseline and during the three washout periods (3 days in each period, totalling 12 days of diet registration). Complete registration of what the participants ate (4 x 3 days are requested). Computer tool used: Norwegian Directorate of Health/Norwegian Food Safety Authority. (2021). A diet tool from the Norwegian Directorate of Health and the Norwegian Food Safety Authority. Kostholdsplanleggeren (in Norwegian and English), available at: https://www.kostholdsplanleggeren.no/. Measured before and after the four test diet periods of 14 days: 16. Bodyweight measured using the Tanita TBF-300A Body Composition Analyzer scale 17. Height measured using a portable stadiometer (Charder HM200P Portstad Portable Stadiometer) 18. BMI calculated as body weight (in kg) divided by the height in meters squared 19. Blood pressure measured using an A&D medical automatic blood pressure monitor (A&D, Tokyo, Japan) 20. Pulse measured using an A&D medical automatic blood pressure monitor (A&D, Tokyo, Japan) 21. Microbiota measurements of feces using 16S rRNA sequencing with Illumina | — |
Countries
Norway
Outcome results
None listed