Effects of foot positioning and biofeedback on strength and power during squat exercise in elite female handball players

Effects of windlass mechanism activation using 10° and 30° forefoot wedges with and without real-time biofeedback versus no wedge and no biofeedback on concentric force, power output and movement velocity during loaded squats in elite female handball players: a randomized repeated-measures crossover trial

Status

Active, not recruiting

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Interventional

Source

ISRCTN

Registry ID

ISRCTN33909124

Enrollment

Registered

2026-06-12

Start date

2022-08-01

Completion date

Unknown

Last updated

2026-06-22

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Neuromuscular performance and force production Other

Interventions

This study uses a randomised, open-label, crossover repeated-measures design. Following eligibility assessment, informed consent, anthropometric measurements and one-repetition maximum (1RM) squat tes

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

Female

Age

18 Years to 40 Years

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria: 1. Female handball players competing at an elite or professional level 2. Age between 18 and 40 years 3. Extensive previous experience in resistance training 4. Ability to correctly perform the back squat exercise as verified by certified strength and conditioning coaches 5. Negative Jack’s test at the first metatarsophalangeal joint (absence of functional hallux limitus) 6. Willingness to participate and provision of written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria: 1. Acute musculoskeletal injury at the time of testing 2. Serious musculoskeletal injury within the previous 6 months that could affect force production, power output or squat performance 3. Presence of functional hallux limitus (positive Jack’s test) 4. Any neurological, musculoskeletal or medical condition that could interfere with study participation or performance testing Inability to complete all experimental testing sessions

Countries

Spain

Contacts

Public ContactÁlvaro Gómez del Pino

agdelpino@uma.es+34 (0)677053792

Outcome results

None listed

Source: ISRCTN (via WHO ICTRP) · Data processed: Jun 29, 2026