Chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease and cancers Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine
Conditions
Interventions
1. Test-meal 1: 50 g wheat aleurone incorporated into a bread roll
2. Test-meal 2: 50 g wheat aleurone + 5.2 mg iron incorporated into a bread roll
3. Control-meal: 50 g refined wheat product incorpor
Sponsors
European Commission (Belgium)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Healthy 18 - 40 year old men and women with Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18 and 30 kg/m^2.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Smokers 2. Individuals with diabetes 3. Pre-existing chronic disease 4. On any prescription medicine 5. Individuals who regularly take any vitamin or mineral supplement or did so in the 6 months prior to the study 6. Gluten or wheat intolerant individuals 7. Pregnant or lactating women 8. Individuals who have given blood to the Blood Transfusion Service (BTS) in the 4 months prior to the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Changes in plasma betaine, choline, folate, tocopherols and ferulic acid attributable to treatments, measured at baseline, 0.5 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours post-meal 2. Changes in urinary ferulic acid attributable to treatments, measured at baseline, 0.5 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours post-meal | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Changes in plasma antioxidant activity attributable to treatments, measured at baseline, 0.5 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours post-meal 2. Changes in urinary antioxidant activity and phenolic activity attributable to treatments, measured at baseline, 0.5 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours post-meal 3. Evaluation of the effects of processing, including iron fortification, on the availability of the bioactive components in wheat fractions, using test-meal 2 and comparisons with previous work | — |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed