Outpatients with personality disorder(s) Mental and Behavioural Disorders
Conditions
Interventions
session four: mindfulness to schema coping
session two: more mindfulness for the environment
session five: mindful allowing and accepting what is
session three: mindfulness for respiration and painful memories
For this pilot study, a parallel-groups randomized single-blind trial was used. Randomization to the condition SMT or COMET was performed by GraphPad software (http://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/rando
Bohnen, de Winter & Hoenkamp, 2011) and the Structured Clinical Interview of DSM-IV Disorders II (SCID-II, First, Spitzer, Gibbon, Williams, & Benjamin, 1997
Weertman, Arntz, & Kerkhofs, 2000). After inclusion, the patients filled in five self-report questionnaires before the start of the group training, directly after the last session of the group trainin
session six: mindfulness to schemas facts or fiction
session seven: mindful taking care of yourself by the Healthy adult and the Happy child (Young et al., 2011)
session eight: schema mindfulness and the future.
COMET
A negative self-image is a problem common to many psychiatric disorders (Appelo & Korrelboom, 2005) and to vari
Sponsors
GGZ Delfland
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Patients (male or female) with a main diagnosis on Axis II, meaning one or more cluster A, B, C personality disorders or a personality disorder NOS 2. Aged 18 to 65 years 3. Patients were allowed to have a diagnosis on Axis I other than the exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Acute psychosis 2. Addiction of such severity that clinical detoxification was indicated 3. Severe suicidality for which hospitalisation was necessary 4. Untreated ADHD, bipolar I disorder and an IQ lower than 80 5. Patients were not allowed to have had Schema therapy or COMET in the past 12 months
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| General psychological distress assessed using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90; Dutch version by Arrindell & Ettema, 1986). The SCL-90 is a 90-item self-report questionnaire which measures the following complaints: Agoraphobia, Anxiety, Depression, Somatic complaints, Insufficiency of thinking and doing, Interpersonal sensitivity, Hostility, Sleeping problems. The sum score represents a Global Severity Index. The Dutch version is reliable (Cronbach’s alpha 0.97 by total score) and valid (Arrindell & Ettema, 1986). In this study the Cronbach’s alpha for the total score was 0.88. We used the Global severity index (GSI) as primary outcome. Method of measurement: Questionnaire (self-assessment) Timepoints: T1: Before the start of the therapy T2: Directly after the last therapy session T3: One month after T2 | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Mindfulness assessed with the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS, Brown & Ryan, 2003; Dutch version by Schroevers, Nyklícek, & Topman, 2008). The MAAS is a 15-item self-report questionnaire which represents the frequency of everyday mindfulness experiences. Previous studies found a one-factor structure. Cronbach’s alpha ranged between .82 - .87 (Carlson & Brown, 2005; Brown & Ryan, 2003). The Dutch version is reliable (Cronbach’s alpha 0.81) and valid (Schroevers, Nyklícek, & Topman, 2008). In this study the Cronbach’s alpha was 0.86. This study used the sum score of the MAAS as an index of mindfulness 2. Self-esteem assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES, Rosenberg, 1965; Dutch version by Franck, de Raedt, Barbez, & Rosseel, 2008). The RSES is a 10-item self-report questionnaire assessing the degree of self-esteem. The Dutch version of the RSES is reliable (Cronbach’s alpha 0.86) and valid (Franck, de Raedt, Barbez, & Rosseel, 2008). The Cronbach’s alpha in this study was 0.87. This study used the sum score of RSES as a measure of self-esteem. 3. Schemas assessed with the Young Schema Questionnaire, (YSQ; Young & Brown, 1994; Dutch version by Rijkeboer, 2005). The YSQ is a 205-item self-report questionnaire which represents sixteen dysfunctional schema’s: Abandonment/ Instability, Mistrust/Abuse, Emotional Deprivation and Social Isolation/Alienation (schema domain 1: Disconnection and Rejection); Dependence/Incompetence, Enmeshment/ Undeveloped Self and Failure (schema domain 2: Impaired Autonomy and Performance); Entitlement/ Grandiosity and Insufficient Self-control/Self-discipline (schema domain 3: Impaired Limits); Subjugation and Selfsacrifice/ Approval Seeking/Recognition Seeking (schema domain 4: Other Directedness); and Emotional Inhibition and Unrelenting Standards/Hypercriticalness (schema domain 5: Overvigilance and Inhibition). The Dutch version of the YSQ is reliable (Cronbach’s alpha ranging | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed