Labor pain among pregnant women during the first stage of labor Pregnancy and Childbirth
Conditions
Interventions
A researcher (blinded for the group) randomly assigns participants (at a 1:1 ratio) to the experimental group (received TENS therapy in the first stage of labor) or the control group (receives routine
the midwife applies two pairs of electrodes on both arms at hegu points (LI4, the midpoint between first and second carpal bones, first web space dorsal side) and neiguan points (PC6, 4 cm above the m
the midwife places two electrodes over the participants' paravertebral regions at the T10–L1 and S2–S4 levels
two transducers (probes) are placed on the abdomen to monitor fetal heart rate and uterine contractions
finally, the midwife activates the labor analgesia icon. This study uses an SRL998A Bio-feed TENS System (Sunray Medical Apparatus CO. LTD. Guangzhou, China). It produces a peak current of 15 mA and a
Sponsors
Central South University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Pregnant women volunteers aged 18 years and above 2. At term (37-42 weeks gestation age) 3. Primipara and multipara with no complications during the antenatal period 4. Established an active stage of labor 5. A single viable fetus in cephalic presentation
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Preterm labor 2. Malpresentation 3. Cephalopelvic disproportion 4. Precipitated labor 5. Previous history of cesarean section 6. Antepartum hemorrhage 7. Any medical complications 8. Known fetal abnormalities 9. Multiple gestations 10. Women in the advanced stage of labor 11. Psychiatric disorders 12. Previous history of using TENS 13. Skin lesions on the electrodes' application sites
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Labor pain measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) chart immediately after the randomization (baseline), 30, 60, and 120 minutes after TENS therapy | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Obstetric outcome measures: 1. Cervical dilatation assessed by four-hourly vaginal examinations 2. Usage of oxytocin calculated by the number of doses administered during delivery 3. Duration of the first active labor stage calculated using a digital wall clock from 4 to 10-cm cervical dilation 4. The second stage of labor calculated using a digital wall clock from 10-cm cervical dilation to the fetus's delivery 5. The third stage of labor calculated using a digital wall clock from the fetus's delivery to delivery of the placenta 6. Postpartum hemorrhage measured by quantifying all the blood lost during the second and third stages 7. Pain 2-24 hours post-delivery assessed using VAS chart 2 hours after delivery but within 24 hours after delivery 8. Any adverse event assessed using four-hourly vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and temperature) before, during, and 24 hours after delivery Neonatal outcome measures: 1. Apgar scores performed using the Apgar scores chart immediately after the baby was born and at 5 and 10 minutes 2. Baby weight measured using a weigh scale after birth | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactYang Luo
Outcome results
None listed