Periodontal diseases, gingivitis and periodontitis Digestive System Gingivitis and periodontal diseases
Conditions
Interventions
Periodontitis patients were randomized using a coin toss into 4 months supplementation with omega-3 or placebo in a parallel double-blinded design. All patients received non-surgical periodontal treat
Sponsors
Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ) (Brazil)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Adults aged over 18 with generalized chronic periodontitis seeking treatment at the dental school of the Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between 2010 and 2011. An experienced specialist in periodontology diagnosed patients according to the criteria of the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP). 2. Having moderate-severe periodontitis (attachment loss = 3 mm and periodontal pocket = 5 mm) in at least 4 interproximal sites from different teeth, and having at least 15 own teeth 3. A group of plaque-induced gingivitis patients was used as controls: at least 20 own teeth with no interproximal attachment loss and presence of bleeding in = 30% of sites
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Diagnosed systemic disease 2. The use of antibiotics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the previous 6 and 3 months, respectively 3. Ongoing use of medication known to affect periodontal condition such as anticonvulsants (phenytoin) or immunosuppressives (cyclosporine, nifedipine, nitrendipine, oxidipine, felodipine, amlodipine, verapamil and diltiazem) 4. Ongoing use of omega nutritional supplements, or previous periodontal and/or orthodontic treatment in the last 12 months
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Periodontal examination included bleeding on probing (BOP), O'Leary's plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The PD and CAL were recorded at 6 sites per tooth (mesio-buccal, mid-buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-lingual, mid-lingual, and disto-lingual), excluding the third molars, using a periodontal computerized probe (Florida Probe, Gainesville, FL, USA). The intra-examiner concordance was 98% within the interval of ± 0.5 mm for PD and CAL. Timepoints: baseline, 4th month and 12th month | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Gingival crevicular fluid was collected between 8 h and 12 h as previously described [Figueredo and Gustafsson 1998]. Measurements of a panel of cytokines and chemokines in GCF were performed using a Luminex 200 analyzer (Alameda, CA, USA) with Milliplex kits (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Fifty µL of GCF was used to analyze the levels of IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-?, osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANK-L. Timepoints: baseline, 4th month and 12th month | — |
Countries
Brazil
Outcome results
None listed