Pain and opioid consumption after surgery Surgery
Conditions
Interventions
Enrolled participants will be randomly assigned to TEAS, sham, or a control group (1:1:1). An independent, blinded statistician will generate the block randomization scheme. The table will be managed
Sponsors
Ministry of Science and Higher Education
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Male and female patients aged 18–75 years 2. Patients undergoing elective thyroidectomy, Bethesda II-IV in thyroid BAC 3. Body mass index 18–30 kg/m² 4. ASA classification I–III 5. Patients able to provide an informed, signed consent
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Patients with Bethesda V and VI in thyroid BAC 2. Patients with recurrent goiters 3. Patients with a history of allergy, hypersensitivity, or addiction to opioids 4. History of opioid intake in the past month 5. Use of monoamine oxidase and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 6. Patients with implanted pacemakers or cardioverter-defibrillator 7. Patients with a history of significant cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, or neurological disease 8. Patients with skin lesions, incision, or scar at the LI4 or P6 acupoint 9. Patients who participated in other clinical trials or received other acupuncture therapy in the previous 4 weeks
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Total morphine dose (TMD) received by patient measured in mg while using PCA device in the 24 hours after surgery | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. The number of PCA demands, measured by times the button is pressed by the patients in the postoperative period 2. Pain measured using the score on the Visual Analogue Scale before surgery and at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours post-operation 3. The occurrence of opioid-related side effects recorded by the medical staff during the first 24 hours post-surgery | — |
Countries
Poland
Outcome results
None listed