Procedural anxiety and pain in patients undergoing flexible cystoscopy Urological and Genital Diseases
Conditions
Interventions
Randomisation is 1:1:1:1 using computer-generated allocation.
Participants are randomised into four parallel arms:
1. Pre-procedural educational video + VR headset during cystoscopy
2. Educational video only
3. VR headset only
4. Control group receiving standard care (no video, no VR).
The video lasts ~3 minutes and explains the cystoscopy procedure. The VR headset shows neutral, relaxing content during the procedure until
Sponsors
Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 100 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age =18 years 2. Indication for flexible cystoscopy 3. Adequate cognitive function
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Current use of anxiolytics, antidepressants, or opioids 2. Prior history of cystoscopy 3. Significant cognitive or psychiatric disorders 4. Severe hearing/visual impairment preventing video or VR use 5. Active urinary tract infection or chronic bladder pain 6. History of severe allergic reaction to local anesthetics 7. Pregnancy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Pain intensity measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0–10) during the cystoscopy procedure 2. State anxiety measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – State (STAI-S) at baseline (before cystoscopy) and immediately after the procedure | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Trait anxiety measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – Trait (STAI-T) at baseline only, before the procedure. 2. Adverse events, defined as any complications or side effects observed during or after cystoscopy (e.g., dizziness, nausea, vasovagal symptoms), measured using medical records at one timepoint | — |
Countries
Türkiye
Contacts
Public ContactMurat Beyatli
Outcome results
None listed