Effects of exercise in healthy men and women aged 65 or older Not Applicable
Conditions
Interventions
There are three experimental conditions which represented three different levels of exposure to nature (indoor, simulated outdoor and outdoor) and all tests in each condition is identical.
Sponsors
Linnaeus University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. 65 years or older 2. A self-rated physical fitness of = 6 on the Wisén scale, which is equivalent to being able to walk or cycle at a moderate pace for at least 30 minutes
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Taking any medication that may influence on the outcomes (such as beta-blocker) 2. No disease that may influence on any of the outcomes (such as Rheumatoid Arthritis)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Power output (W) during exercise is determined based on the resistance and cadence on the cycle ergometer 2. Ratings of self perceived exertion is measured using BORG RPE 6-20 scale during the test at minutes 1-6 and upon the termination of the test and at minutes 10, 20, 30, 60, 120 of recovery 3. Heart rate is measured using a heart rate monitor (Polar RS800CX, Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland) at baseline, during the test at minutes 1-6, upon the termination of the test, and at minutes 10, 20, 30, 60, 120 of recovery. 4. Blood pressure is measured using an automated blood pressure meter (Welch Allyn ProBP 3400, Welch Allyn, NY, USA) at baseline, upon the termination of the test, and at minutes 10, 20, 30, 60, 120 5. Lactate is measured using a lactate meter (Lactate plus, Nova Biomedical, MA, USA ) at baseline, upon the termination of the test, and at minutes 10, 20, 30, 60, 120 of recovery 6. White blood cells (total cell count, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) is measured using a HemoCue WBC Diff (HemoCue AB Ängelholm, Sweden) at baseline, upon the termination of the test, and at minutes 10, 20, 30, 60, 120 of recovery 7. All biomarkers are measured using The MAGPIX assay system that is based on ELISA principles and utilize xMAP technology (Luminex Corp., Austin, TX), and xPONENT 4.2 software (Luminex), immunoassay at baseline, upon termination of the test and at minutes 30, 60, and 120 after the test. The following biomarkers are analyzed: 7.1. Cortisol (Stress) 7.2. Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Immunologic response) 7.3. Insulin and glucose (Metabolic response) 7.4. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Brain health) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Time spent outdoors measured using a questionnaire at baseline 2. Attitudes towards nature measured using a questionnaire at baseline 3. Degree of environmental friendliness measured using a questionnaire at baseline 4. Sociodemographic factors measured using a questionnaire at baseline | — |
Countries
Sweden
Outcome results
None listed