Cardiovascular disease risk factors Circulatory System Cardiovascular disease
Conditions
Interventions
Control group:
The control group will be shown some stretching and relaxation exercises to do on a daily basis, the researcher will contact this group monthly either by telephone or text to check that
Sponsors
Department for Employment and Learning (UK)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Sedentary (self reported of less than 30 mins/day, moderate intensity activity during past 6 months) but otherwise apparently healthy non-smokers 2. Male or female, aged 30 - 55 years 3. Body mass index (BMI) 27 - 35 kg/m^2 (i.e. overweight/obese)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Hypertension (blood pressure [BP] greater than 140/90 mmHg) 2. Documented ischaemic heart disease or heart failure, peripheral vascular disease or cerebral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease or lung disease (including asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) 3. Current recent (less than 6 months) or planned pregnancy 4. Any injury or orthopaedic condition precluding walking for exercise
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Arterial stiffness: measured using Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) as an indirect measure. All PWV recordings will be on the same (left) arm for subjects, between the brachial and radial pulse sites of the arterial tree (identified by manual palpation). Pulse wave traces are calculated using the Labview program (Version 7.0). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Anthropometry: height, weight (used to calculate body mass index) and waist/hip circumferences will be recorded using standardised methods (Jones et al. 1986). Mid-upper arm circumference will also be measured. In addition percentage body fat will be measured using bioelectrical impedance. 2. Physical fitness: evaluated using a sub maximal treadmill-walking test, which will involve walking for 3 minutes at four progressive workloads (12 minutes total). Expired air analysis and heart rate will be used to predict maximal oxygen uptake and blood lactate will also be measured through a pin prick. Grip strength and flexibility will also be measured using standardised methods. 3. Blood profiles: the role of abnormal lipids, inflammatory markers and homocysteine in the genesis of cardiovascular disease is well recognised. Thus fasting blood samples (30 ml) will be analysed for blood glucose, insulin (used to calculate homeostatic model assessment [HOMA]), lipids (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, low density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol and triglycerides), C-reactive protein (CRP - as a marker of inflammation), plasma homocysteine and related B vitamins and other novel CVD risk factors (including cholecystokinin [CCK], glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1], ghrelin [activated form], leptin, and adiponectin). 4. Blood pressure: measured at each sampling time point using an automated BP machine and taking the average of two measurements | — |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed