Diet and cardiovascular disease Circulatory System Complications and ill-defined descriptions of heart disease
Conditions
Interventions
In a single test meal consisting of a muffin and a milkshake, three test fats (50 g) are compared versus a control fat (high oleic sunflower oil
50 g). These are
native palm olein , chemically interesterified palm olein and lard.
1. Palm olein represents a palmitic acid-rich fat with palmitic acid almost exclusively (~90%) in the sn-1 and -3 positions
2. Che
Sponsors
King's College London (UK)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Healthy males and females, aged 18 - 45 years.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. A reported history of heart disease, diabetes, cancer, kidney, liver or bowel disease (healthy volunteers are required) 2. Current cigarette smoker 3. History of substance abuse or alcoholism (previous weekly alcohol intake greater than 60 units/men or 50 units/women) 4. Current self-reported weekly alcohol intake exceeding 28 units 5. Unwilling to follow the protocol and/or give informed consent 6. Weight change of greater than 3 kg in preceding 2 months 7. Body mass index (BMI) less than 20 and greater than 35 kg/m^2 8. Blood pressure greater than 160/90 mmHg 9. Fasting blood cholesterol greater than 7.8 mmol/l, fasting plasma triacylglycerol concentrations greater than 3 mmol/l, or fasting plasma glucose greater than 7 mmol/L 10. Presence of gastrointestinal disorder or use of a drug, which is likely to alter gastrointestinal motility or nutrient absorption 11. Greater than or equal to 20% 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as calculated using the risk calculator 12. Vegetarian dietary practices 13. Pregnant women
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Postprandial changes in plasma glucose (measured at: 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 minutes) and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations (measured at 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 minutes). Both will be measured using enzymatic assays. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Apolipoprotein B48 concentrations, measured at 0, 180, 240, 300 and 480 minutes 2. The positional distribution of chylomicron lipids in the sn-2 position, measured at 180, 240 and 300 minutes 3. Non-esterified fatty acids, measured at 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 minutes 4. Plasma fatty acids, measured at 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 minutes 5. Total cholesterol, measured at 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 minutes 6. Insulin, measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 minutes 7. C-peptide, measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 minutes 8. Gut hormones (including the incretin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, peptide YY and cholecystokinin), measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 minutes 9. Cytokines (interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, E-selectin), measured at 0, 180, 240, 300 and 480 minutes 10. Factor VII activated concentrations, measured at 0, 180 and 360 minutes | — |
Countries
Netherlands, United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed