Measurement properties of ATHERM infrared thermometer
Conditions
Interventions
This is a two-phase cross-sectional observational study. In the clinimetric phase, 50 asymptomatic adults underwent ATHERM temperature measurements at bilateral Fengchi (GB20) and Fengfu (GV16) to eva
Sponsors
University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City Hospital for Rehabilitation – Occupational Diseases
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Participants were 18 years or older, regardless of sex, living area, and occupational background 2. For clinimetric study of ATHERM, asymptomatic adults were selected from institutional invitations and screened through medical history and cervical disability questionnaire, with inclusion criteria requiring: 2.1. Absence of subjective neck or orofacial pain with VAS pain score of 0 and NDI score of = 4 2.2. Full cognitive and behavioral capacity to engage in occupational and routine activities 3. For correlation analysis, participants were identified from outpatients diagnosed with cervical spondylosis according to at least one of the following characteristic signs: 3.1. Nonspecific cervical spine symptoms, such as axial neck pain, paraspinal muscular tightness, or limited mobility 3.2. Radicular symptoms including arm discomfort, paresthesia, or symptom provocation on cervical movement 3.3. Vertebrogenic symptoms such as occipital headache, postural dizziness, tinnitus, or visual disturbance associated with neck posture. Cervical X-ray radiographs showing degeneration at Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1 or 2 were mandatory, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained if necessary to affirm nerve root involvement or exclude alternative structural pathology. Eligible patients were further screened for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and only those meeting the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, were included in the analysis.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. For clinimetric study of ATHERM, exclusion criteria comprised 1.1. Recent or ongoing neck, shoulder, or head symptoms within the preceding three months 1.2. Prior diagnosis of cervical spine or temporomandibular joint disorders 1.3. History of surgery involving cervical or maxillofacial regions 1.4. Systemic, neurological, or rheumatologic conditions 1.5. Clinical signs of nerve root compression or cervical radiculopathy 2. For correlation analysis, exclusion criteria were 2.1. Clinical signs of cervical myelopathy 2.2. Cervical disc herniation on MRI 2.3. Secondary causes of neck pain, including trauma, neoplasm, infection, osteoporosis, inflammatory arthropathy, or soft-tissue disorders 2.4. Current pregnancy or breastfeeding 2.5. Surgical treatment of cervical spine 2.6. Severe hepatic dysfunction 2.7. Renal failure without dialysis 2.8. Recent or ongoing gastrointestinal or intracranial hemorrhage, or systemic bleeding disorders 2.9. Uncontrolled severe cardiovascular diseases
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Test-retest reliability and construct validity of ATHERM measured using intraclass correlation coefficient ICC(2,1) and Pearson correlation coefficients comparing ATHERM readings with FLIR C5 thermal camera and Microlife FR1MF1 infrared thermometer at three repeated measurements separated by 5-minute intervals;Association between GB20 thermal asymmetry and cervico-mandibular clinical outcomes measured using Spearman’s rho between absolute difference between left and right GB20 temperatures with pain intensity, neck disability, jaw functional limitation, jaw range of motion, and active cervical range of motion at baseline before treatment and exercise in a cohort with cervical spondylosis and temporomandibular disorders | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain intensity measured using 100-mm Visual Analog Scale, from “no pain” to “worst imaginable pain” at baseline;Neck-related disability measured using the Neck Disability Index at baseline;Jaw functional limitation measured using the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-8 at baseline;Jaw range of motion measured using a calibrated mechanical ruler to assess the maximal unassisted mouth opening in millimeters at baseline;Active cervical range of motion measured using ROMIX photogrammetric system in six directions (flexion, extension, right bending, left bending, right rotation, and left rotation) at baseline | — |
Countries
Viet Nam
Contacts
Public ContactMinh Huu Duc Nguyen
Outcome results
None listed