Zinc and iron deficiencies Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine
Conditions
Interventions
Phase 1 (November 2019 to April 2020): Families will continue to consume their usual, locally purchased flour. The cost of the flour will be reimbursed in the form of coupons to use at the local marke
Sponsors
University of Central Lancashire
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Households will be invited to participate in this study if they include an unmarried adolescent girl (aged 10-16 years) who is not pregnant or lactating AND a child (aged 1–5 years)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Does not meet inclusion criteria
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Plasma zinc concentration measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) at start of phase 1 (T1), middle of phase 1 (T2), end of phase 1 (T3), middle of phase 2 (T4), end of phase 2 (T5) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Measured at the start of phase 1 (T1), middle of phase 1 (T2), end of phase 1 (T3), middle of phase 2 (T4), end of phase 2 (T5): 1. Biochemical indicators of zinc and iron status (adolescents only): 1.1. Serum iron concentration measured by ICP-MS 1.2. Serum transferrin receptor protein and serum ferritin measured by sandwich ELISA 1.3. Haemoglobin, haematocrit and complete blood count (CBC) estimated using clinical haematology methods 1.4. Inflammatory markers (CRP and AGP) measured by sandwich ELISA 1.5. DNA damage measured by comet assay and histone H2A phosphorylation 1.6. Hair zinc concentration measured by mass spectroscopy 1.7. Natural zinc stable isotope composition measured by ICP-MS 2. Anthropometric measures (adolescents and children): 2.1. Height/length measured using stadiometer or infant measuring board 2.2. Weight measured using digital weighing scale 2.3. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference, hip circumference and head circumference measured using standard techniques and measuring tape 3. Dietary intake of energy and nutrients (adolescents only) assessed by 24-hour recall method 4. Diarrhoeal episodes: frequency and duration (children only) assessed by interview with mother 5. Upper respiratory tract infections (adolescents and children) assessed by clinical staff | — |
Countries
Pakistan
Outcome results
None listed