The effects of fruit before meals on regulating fullness and changing body measurements

Fruit before meals preserves satiety and affects anthropometric measurements in overweight and obese individuals: a randomized controlled trial of fruits before meals and physical exercise after meals

Status

Active, not recruiting

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Interventional

Source

ISRCTN

Registry ID

ISRCTN16542275

Enrollment

100

Registered

2024-02-28

Start date

2020-12-01

Completion date

Unknown

Last updated

2024-03-11

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Obese and overweight Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine

Interventions

Participants were randomly allocated into four groups using folded paper. The first group is a placebo group that does not receive any treatment. The second group consumed fruit before meals (breakfas

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

All

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria: 1. Aged 20-29 years 2. Body mass index (BMI) >23 kg/cm2

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria: Individuals with chronic diseases such as heart, renal, and hepatic diseases

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame
1. Nutritional intake: The daily food intake of all selected participants was assessed using the 24-hour food recall questionnaire on days 0, 15, and 30 and converted into daily intake values of nutrients using the free NutriSurvey software (https://www.nutrisurvey.de), translated into Indonesian. 2. Anthropometric measurements: body weight (kg) was measured after the participants emptied the bladder and was done without shoes. Height (cm) was measured using a stadiometer to calculate the distance between the top of the head (vertex) and the bottom of the foot. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing the weight in kilograms by the square of the height in meters with the cut-off points from the World Health Organization (WHO) classification for the Asian population. The anthropometric measurements were assessed on days 0, 15, and 30. 3. Waist circumference: Participants stood up straight and breathed normally. The waist circumference of all selected participants was measured midway between the top of the hip bone and the bottom rib bone using a metline on days 0, 15, and 30. 4. Fasting blood glucose levels: All selected participants were fasting for 8 hours before taking venous blood samples in the morning on days 0, 15, and 30. Labelled blood samples were collected into coagulant tubes and then sent to the clinical laboratory to measure fasting blood glucose levels using a routine hexokinase method. 5. Food satiety (fullness) indexes: food satiety indexes were measured using Satiety Labelled Intensity Magnitude (SLIM). The SLIM was a 100-mm bidirectional hunger-fullness scale for assessing food satiety in individuals after a meal. The measurement was performed 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes after meals on days 0 and 30.	—

Measure

Time frame

1. Nutritional intake: The daily food intake of all selected participants was assessed using the 24-hour food recall questionnaire on days 0, 15, and 30 and converted into daily intake values of nutrients using the free NutriSurvey software (https://www.nutrisurvey.de), translated into Indonesian. 2. Anthropometric measurements: body weight (kg) was measured after the participants emptied the bladder and was done without shoes. Height (cm) was measured using a stadiometer to calculate the distance between the top of the head (vertex) and the bottom of the foot. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing the weight in kilograms by the square of the height in meters with the cut-off points from the World Health Organization (WHO) classification for the Asian population. The anthropometric measurements were assessed on days 0, 15, and 30. 3. Waist circumference: Participants stood up straight and breathed normally. The waist circumference of all selected participants was measured midway between the top of the hip bone and the bottom rib bone using a metline on days 0, 15, and 30. 4. Fasting blood glucose levels: All selected participants were fasting for 8 hours before taking venous blood samples in the morning on days 0, 15, and 30. Labelled blood samples were collected into coagulant tubes and then sent to the clinical laboratory to measure fasting blood glucose levels using a routine hexokinase method. 5. Food satiety (fullness) indexes: food satiety indexes were measured using Satiety Labelled Intensity Magnitude (SLIM). The SLIM was a 100-mm bidirectional hunger-fullness scale for assessing food satiety in individuals after a meal. The measurement was performed 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes after meals on days 0 and 30.

—

Secondary

Measure	Time frame
Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4) activity assay: Serum blood samples were diluted with phosphate-buffered (PBS) pH 7.4. A DPP4 substrate, H-Gly-Prop-nitroanilide (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was dissolved with the PBS to achieve a 2 mM final concentration. Blood samples were mixed and homogenized with the substrate working solution in a 1:1 ratio. The DPP4 activity was read using a spectrophotometer at ? = 405 nm at 25°C every 10 min for 60 min. The Beer-Lambert formula was used to calculate the DPP4 activity.	—

Measure

Time frame

Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4) activity assay: Serum blood samples were diluted with phosphate-buffered (PBS) pH 7.4. A DPP4 substrate, H-Gly-Prop-nitroanilide (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was dissolved with the PBS to achieve a 2 mM final concentration. Blood samples were mixed and homogenized with the substrate working solution in a 1:1 ratio. The DPP4 activity was read using a spectrophotometer at ? = 405 nm at 25°C every 10 min for 60 min. The Beer-Lambert formula was used to calculate the DPP4 activity.

—

Countries

Indonesia

Contacts

Public ContactDono Indarto

dono@staff.uns.ac.id+62 (0)85601579139

Outcome results

None listed

Source: ISRCTN (via WHO ICTRP) · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026