Stress reduction Mental and Behavioural Disorders
Conditions
Interventions
Consecutive children scheduled to undergo a surgical operation or endoscopy (gastroscopy or coloscopy, or both) were recruited. The patients were divided into two groups: Explained and Unexplained. Th
9:00 a.m. – 12:00 a.m. just before anesthesia administration
and 5:00 p.m. – 7:00 p.m.
Sponsors
University General Hospital Attikon
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Children scheduled to undergo surgical and endoscopic procedures and their parents 2. Ability to understand and participate in the research procedures
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Children with a history of previous surgery or endoscopy, liver, renal, cardiac, pulmonary, neurological, and psychological diseases 2. Children who received steroids
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Salivary cortisol concentration in children measured using commercially available kits. Three saliva samples were collected during the following hours: 7:00 a.m. – 9:00 a.m. in the clinic room; 9:00 a.m. – 12:00 a.m. just before anesthesia administration; and 5:00 p.m. – 7:00 p.m. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Parental intention measured at 7.00-9.00 am (on admission) using 18 items divided into the following sub-scales: 1. Intention: the assessment of parental intention towards saliva collection included three items based on a seven-point Likert scale, with 1 as unlikely and 7 likely. Higher mean scores indicated parental intention 2. Attitude: this subscale concerns parental attitudes towards saliva collection with eight items, four of which focus on salivary biomarkers, and four on whether saliva sampling affects general health. All items were based on a seven-point Likert scale. 1: unpleasant/stressful. ...7: pleasant/significant 3. Subjective norms: included items regarding parental perception of subjective norms, which regard agreement or disagreement with the advice and prescriptive norms about saliva collection 4. Perceived behavioural control: Three items assessed parental perception regarding their ability to control saliva collection. More specifically, they evaluated perceived behavioural control as self-efficacy assessing the extent that adults perceive themselves as capable of showing behaviour, as graded on a seven-point Likert scale, of how at ease they felt regarding their children's participation in the collection of saliva. The answers ranged from 1: extremely difficult to 7: extremely high sense of control | — |
Countries
Greece
Outcome results
None listed