Long-COVID/post-COVID-19-condition Infections and Infestations
Conditions
Interventions
Patients with self-reported symptoms of PCC (i.e., persistent symptoms or newly emerged symptoms after the resolution of an acute COVID-19 infection) were invited to undergo a comprehensive neuropsych
Sponsors
Medical University of Graz
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Ongoing or newly developed symptoms 3 months after a positive COVID-19 infection 2. Symptoms lasting for at least 2 months with no other explanation 3. Symptoms leading to a new health impairment (self-report) 4. Deterioration of a pre-existing disease (self-report) 5. None of the following pre-existing diseases: dementia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, stroke 6. No participation on any other pharmacological or psychological training study aiming to improve cognitive or psychological complaints
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: In general, patients were only excluded if they did not meet the inclusion criteria. However, due to significant impairment (high post-COVID-19 functional status combined with high levels of fatigue), two individuals were excluded from further study participation although initially meeting inclusion criteria (after extensive discussion, these individuals were deemed unable to adequately complete the training over the 3-month duration).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Global cognitive impairment measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (questionnaire) at BL, FU1 and FU2. Attention assessed using the 'Digit Span Forward' and 'Digit Span Backward' task from the German version of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB), as well as the Trail Making Test A (TMT-A) at BL, FU1 and FU2 2. Executive function measured using the subtests 'Planning' and 'Categories' from the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) as well as the Trail-Making-Test B (TMT-B) at BL, FU1 and FU2 3. Memory assessed using the subtest 'Word List Learning' from the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) at BL, FU1, and FU2. 4. Word fluency measured using the Regensburger Word Fluency Test (RWT) with both the formal-lexical and semantic subtests at BL, FU1, and FU2 5. Subjective cognitive complaints assessed using a translated version of the Questionnaire de Plainte Cognitive at BL, FU1 and FU2. 6. Fatigue measured using the German version of the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS-D) at BL, FU1 and FU2 7. Depression and anxiety assessed using the General Depression Scale (ADS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and HADS-D) at BL, FU1 and FU2 8. Quality of life measured using the German version of the WHOQoL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life) in its short form at BL, FU1 and FU2 | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. The number of symptoms during the acute COVID-19 illness was assessed via self-report only at Baseline (BL) only. The patients were asked to select from a list of 64 symptoms those that applied to them during their acute illness. 2. The number of long-COVID symptoms was assessed via self-report at BL, FU1 and FU2. The patients were asked to select from a list of 64 symptoms those that applied to them during the respective timepoint. 3. The long-COVID disease duration was assessed via self-report at Baseline (BL) only. The patients stated the time of their COVID-19 diagnosis and subsequently since how many weeks/months they suffered from long-COVID. | — |
Countries
Austria
Contacts
Public ContactManuel Leitner
Outcome results
None listed