Overweight and obesity Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine
Conditions
Interventions
After verifying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, participants were block-randomised based on their order of registration, using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to generate the allocation. This proc
Sponsors
University of Évora
Loughborough University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Residence in the municipality of Évora, Portugal 2. Ages between 18 and 65 years old 3. Regular access to a computer, tablet or smartphone 4. Regular internet access 5. Body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 (overweight) 6. No diagnosis or use of medication for heart, lung, kidney, liver or neurological diseases 7. No medical or orthopedic conditions preventing from exercising or walking independently
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. A diagnosis or use of medication for heart, lung, kidney, liver or neurological diseases 2. Medical or orthopedic conditions that prevent them from exercising or walking independently and independently. It will also be mandatory for participation in the study to provide informed, free and informed consent signed by the participant
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Instructions for all anthropometric measures followed the standardized protocols of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK), in order to ensure the accuracy, reproducibility and comparability of the data. Body composition was evaluated at four timepoints: baseline and at subsequent intervals, including post-intervention (12 weeks). 1. Height (cm) was measured using a SECA stadiometer, model 213 (Hamburg, Germany – measurement category 20-205 (cm), with division of 1 (mm) to the nearest 0.1 (cm). 2. Body weight was measured using the bioelectrical impedance analyzer, model TANITA®, MC 780 MA, consisting of eight electrodes (5 kHz/50 kHz/250 kHz). 3. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated automatically by the Tanita analyzer, based on the standard formula: BMI = body mass (kg)/height2 (m2). 4. Body composition: 4.1. Fat Mass (kg). Assessed by the TANITA Body composition device. It estimates fat percentage and multiplies it by total body weight to obtain fat mass in kilograms. 4.2. Fat Mass (%): Obtained directly from bioimpedance analysis. TANITA calculates the ratio of fat mass to total body weight. 4.3. Fat-free Mass (kg): Total body weight minus fat mass. Includes muscle, bone, water and lean tissue. 4.4. Muscle Mass (kg); Estimated as a proportion of fat-free mass, using TANITA's own equations. It can be segmented by limbs (arms, legs, trunk) based on the specific impedances of each body segment. 4.5. Muscle Mass (%) (Muscle mass / Total body weight) × 100 4.6. Bone Mineral Content (kg): Estimated based on the correlation between lean mass and bone density, from empirical data and cross-validations with DEXA. It is not a direct measure of bone density, but rather of the estimated mineral content in the bones. 4.7. Basal Metabolism (Kcal): Estimated proportionally based on fat-free mass (mostly muscle), age, sex and height. TANITA's algorithm applies a predictive search (similar to Harris-Benedict or Ganpule) using data collected | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Circumference measurements were conducted at two timepoints (baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention) in accordance with standardized anthropometric protocols to ensure consistency across all participants. All measurements were performed on the right side of the body, directly on bare skin, using a non-elastic flexible tape measure with a precision of 0.1 cm. The following anatomical sites were assessed: 1. Arm circumference: Measured at the point of maximum girth of the upper arm, with the limb hanging freely and fully relaxed. 2. Waist circumference: Measured horizontally at the narrowest point of the torso, approximately at the level of the umbilicus. 3. Hip circumference: Measured in the horizontal plane at the level of greatest protrusion of the buttocks, with the participant standing upright, feet together, and gluteal muscles relaxed. 4. Thigh (crural) circumference: Measured at the level of greatest thigh girth, with the participant standing with feet slightly apart and body weight evenly distributed. The tape was positioned horizontally at the point of maximum volume. 5. Calf (geminal) circumference: Measured at the level of the largest circumference of the calf, following standard anthropometric procedures. All measurements were conducted by the same trained evaluator to minimize inter-rater variability and enhance reliability. Clinical and functional parameters assessed at two timepoints (baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention): 1. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure: an aneroid sphygmomanometer with Stethos Mod 21402 was used. To measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure, participants remained in a calm environment, seated and relaxed, collection was in the morning and on an empty stomach. 2. Handgrip strength. To measure the strength of handgrip, a manual digital dynamometer model T.K.K was used. Participants sat with their shoulders along their bodies and without rotation, with 90-degree elbow flexion and neutral flexion. They were als | — |
Countries
Portugal
Contacts
Public ContactVitor Bilro
Outcome results
None listed