Perineal pain in women undergoing vaginal delivery Pregnancy and Childbirth
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age =18 years 2. Singleton pregnancy 3. Term gestation =37 weeks 4. Viable pregnancy 5. Cephalic presentation 6. Vaginal delivery 7. Perineal injury requiring repair 8. Initial intervention within 2 hours of completion of repair
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Epidural analgesia 2. Chronic pain conditions requiring ongoing analgesic therapy 3. Obstetric anal sphincter injury 4. Contraindications to TENS (e.g., cardiac pacemaker, skin lesions at electrode sites)
Countries
Malaysia