Does inspiratory muscle training with and without feedback alter breathing patterns and outcomes in people with a breathing pattern disorder?

Does a one-off or a 6-week home programme of inspiratory muscle training with and without feedback alter breathing patterns and aerobic exercise parameters in people with a breathing pattern disorder?

Status

Recruiting

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Interventional

Source

ISRCTN

Registry ID

ISRCTN15493533

Enrollment

Registered

2025-10-21

Start date

2025-11-01

Completion date

Unknown

Last updated

2025-11-03

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Breathing pattern disorders Respiratory

Interventions

1. Acute intervention of inspiratory muscle training +/- biofeedback. 2. A 6-week home training programme of inspiratory muscle training +/- biofeedback. Following baseline screening and assessment (

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

All

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria: 1. Ability to give written informed consent 2. Participants will be considered to have a breathing pattern disorder if: 2.1. Nijmegen Questionnaire score =23 or 2.2. Breathing Pattern Assessment Tool score =4 or 2.3. Exercise Induced Laryngeal Obstruction Dyspnea Index (EILODI) score =14 or 2.4. If a breathing dysfunction is identified on post-exercise observation 2.5. If no signs of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction on post-exercise spirometry

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria: 1. Conditions highlighted from the health questionnaire- Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q+). For example: musculoskeletal conditions or injury preventing exercise; active cancer or receiving cancer therapy; symptomatic or unstable cardiovascular disease; symptomatic or unstable metabolic disease; symptomatic or unstable respiratory disease; symptomatic or unstable neurological disease. 2. Sensitivity or allergy to OEP bi-adhesive tape 3. Sensitivity or allergy to inhaled salbutamol 4. Age 65 years 5. Evidence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) on post-exercise spirometry defined by a >10% fall (from baseline) in FEV1 post exercise 6. Chest infection within the past 4 weeks, or any other illness within the past 2 weeks 7. Current musculoskeletal injury that would prevent exercise 8. Any contraindication or precaution to IMT (listed from the POWERbreathe K-Series K5 user manual)

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame
Breathing patterns were measured using optoelectronic plethysmography at baseline and the end of the study	—

Secondary

Measure	Time frame
The following secondary outcome measures were assessed at baseline and the end of the study: 1. Breathing pattern disorder was measured using the Nijmegen Questionnaire 2. The breathing pattern at rest was measured using the Breathing Pattern Assessment Tool 3. Upper airway dysfunction during exercise using the Exercise Induced Laryngeal Obstruction Dyspnoea Index 4. Breathing discomfort using the Self-Evaluation of Breathing Questionnaire 5. The physical and emotional components of breathlessness were measured using the Dyspnoea 12 index 6. Mood state was measured using the Brunel Mood Score 7. Lung function was measured using spirometry 8. Nasal air flow was measured using peak nasal flow recordings 9. Airway inflammation was measured using FeNO testing 10. Respiratory muscle strength was measured using maximal mouth inspiratory pressure 11. Performance was measured using VO2 max testing 12. Breathing pattern post-exercise was measured using a locally developed tool	—

Measure

Time frame

The following secondary outcome measures were assessed at baseline and the end of the study: 1. Breathing pattern disorder was measured using the Nijmegen Questionnaire 2. The breathing pattern at rest was measured using the Breathing Pattern Assessment Tool 3. Upper airway dysfunction during exercise using the Exercise Induced Laryngeal Obstruction Dyspnoea Index 4. Breathing discomfort using the Self-Evaluation of Breathing Questionnaire 5. The physical and emotional components of breathlessness were measured using the Dyspnoea 12 index 6. Mood state was measured using the Brunel Mood Score 7. Lung function was measured using spirometry 8. Nasal air flow was measured using peak nasal flow recordings 9. Airway inflammation was measured using FeNO testing 10. Respiratory muscle strength was measured using maximal mouth inspiratory pressure 11. Performance was measured using VO2 max testing 12. Breathing pattern post-exercise was measured using a locally developed tool

—

Countries

England, United Kingdom

Contacts

Public ContactKristopher Bahadur

kjb52@kent.ac.uk+44 (0)1227 764000

Outcome results

None listed

Source: ISRCTN (via WHO ICTRP) · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026