Low breast milk supply in women with gestational diabetes mellitus Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine Diabetes mellitus arising in pregnancy
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Recent pregnancy affected by gestational diabetes mellitus 2. Intention to breastfeed for at least the trial period of 4 weeks
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Age <18 2. Pre-existing diabetes 3. Low birth weight <2.5 kg 4. Congenital anomalies 5. Low Apgar score 6. NICU admission 7. Breastfeeding not recommended e.g. maternal HIV infection
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Breast milk composition measured using metabolomics and transcriptome analysis (NMR and MS) after the supplement course (28 days) 2. Breastfeeding self-efficacy measured using Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale Short Form at 28 days 3. Blood biomarkers: glucose and blood lipids measured using the Randox Daytona autoanalyzer, insulin and adiponectin measured using ELISA techniques at 6 weeks postpartum | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Information on breastfeeding history collected by questionnaire at the time of recruitment 2. Anthropometric measured at Day 1 postnatal: 2.1. Mother: weight (kg), height (cm), calculated BMI (weight/height in metres squared) 2.2. Infant: birth weight (g), length (cm), head circumference (cm) and plotted on WHO centiles (%) 3. Symptoms related to fenugreek use measured using diary at weekly intervals for 28 days 4. Compliance measured using returned pill boxes at the end of the supplement course (28 days) 5. Maternal experience interview using qualitative analysis methods at the end of the trial (28 days) | — |
Countries
Ireland