Psychophysiological stress, physical fatigue, and emotional wellbeing in adolescent orienteers during an intensive training period Other
Conditions
Interventions
A 4-week national orienteering camp curriculum (navigation drills, terrain running, interval sessions, and routine morning assessments) is compared with matched club training as usual. Allocation is b
Sponsors
Shanxi University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age 15–18 years 2. Active orienteering athlete with =2 years of official competition experience, confirmed by records/coach 3. Medically cleared for training, with no contraindications to moderate–vigorous exercise 4. Able and willing to provide morning saliva samples and complete HRV and questionnaires at Day 1, Day 14, and Day 28 5. Written informed consent (and parent/guardian consent plus participant assent if <18 years)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Acute illness or injury precluding training or scheduled assessments 2. Medications or conditions affecting autonomic or endocrine measures (e.g., beta-blockers, systemic corticosteroids, untreated thyroid disease) 3. Current febrile illness within 7 days of an assessment timepoint 4. Inability/unwillingness to provide saliva samples or complete HRV and questionnaires per schedule 5. No medical clearance, or lack of consent/assent 6. Pregnancy (for female participants), due to hormonal confounding
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Autonomic recovery (resting heart-rate variability root mean square of the successive differences [HRV, RMSSD] in ms) measured using a 5-minute seated morning HRV recording under fasted, rested conditions with a Polar H10 chest-strap sensor (Polar Electro Oy, Finland), analysed in Kubios HRV v3.x (Kubios Oy, Finland), at Day 1, Day 14, Day 28; primary endpoint is the change Day 1 to Day 28. (If a 1-lead ECG =500 Hz is used instead of the chest strap, the device make/country will be recorded in the site file; analysis remains in Kubios HRV v3.x.) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Cardiac autonomic variability (standard deviation of normal-to-normal [SDNN] in ms) measured using the same 5-minute morning HRV protocol with Polar H10 (Polar Electro Oy, Finland) and Kubios HRV v3.x (Kubios Oy, Finland) at Day 1, Day 14, Day 28; change Day 1 to Day 28. 2. Sympathovagal balance (low-frequency/high-frequency [LF/HF] ratio) derived from the same HRV session analysed in Kubios HRV v3.x (Kubios Oy, Finland) at Day 1, Day 14, Day 28; change Day 1 to Day 28. 3. Endocrine stress (morning salivary cortisol, nmol/L) measured by ELISA using the Salimetrics® Salivary Cortisol Kit (Salimetrics LLC, USA; e.g., cat. 1-3002) with absorbance read at 450 nm on a BioTek Epoch 2 microplate reader (Agilent BioTek, USA), from first-waking saliva at Day 1, Day 14, Day 28; change Day 1 to Day 28 (exploratory AUC across 28 days). 4. Perceived stress measured using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) total score at Day 1, Day 14, Day 28; change Day 1 to Day 28. 5. Affect measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C) (positive and negative subscales) at Day 1, Day 14, Day 28; change Day 1 to Day 28. 6. Sleep quality measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) total score at Day 1 and Day 28; change Day 1 to Day 28. 7. Perceived training load measured using session rating of perceived exertion (Borg CR-10 scale) from weekly training logs over Weeks 1–4; endpoints are weekly means. 8. Trait emotional intelligence measured using the Emotional Intelligence Scale for Adolescents (EISA-24) total score at Day 1 and Day 28; change Day 1 to Day 28. | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactHaiyan Li
Outcome results
None listed