Obesity, overweight Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine Obesity
Conditions
Interventions
Snacks are consumed either with a meal or between meals and the snacks have either a low (less than 4 kJ/g) or high (greater than 12 kJ/g) energy density. Subjects consume the snacks daily for 8 weeks
Sponsors
Wageningen University (Netherlands)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age: 18 - 35 years 2. Body mass index (BMI): 18.5 - 23 kg/m^2 3. Healthy men and women
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Weight change of greater than 1 kg in last three months 2. Smoking 3. Following an energy restricted diet during the last six months 4. Gastro-intestinal diseases 5. Diabetes, thyroid diseases, or any other endocrine disorders 6. Lack of appetite for any (unknown) reason 7. Restraint eating (men: score greater than 2.26; women: score greater than 2.80 on Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ), norm table of 2005) 8. Participation in a different study, performed by the Department of Human Nutrition
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Change in weight after two months of intervention. The change in weight will be compared between the 4 groups. Body weight is assessed in week 1 and in week 8 on a digital scale to the nearest 0.01 kg. Body weight is also assessed twice a week during the 8 weeks of intervention to keep track of changes over time. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Observed energy intake on two days in week 1 and on two days in week 8 2. Body composition assessed with air displacement plethysmography on one morning in week 1 and on one morning in week 8 3. Level of physical activity is assessed on 7 days in week 1 and 7 days in week 8 by means of an activity diary and by a pedometer | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed