Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), dementia with Lewy body (DLB), Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD), frontal-temporal dementia (bvFTD) Nervous System Diseases Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, other specified degenerative diseases of nervous system, Parkinson disease
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. A diagnosis of dementia under the DSM-5 Criteria for Dementia for the dementia cohort using: 1.1. Medical history 1.2. Neuroimaging 1.3. Neuropsychological assessment 2. At least 8 years of education 3. Normal cognition under standardised testing for the age-matched healthy controls
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Any significant facial deterioration through another disease or aetiology that could influence facial mapping or imaging 2. Patient diagnosed with Mild-Cognitive Impairment (MCI) 3. Patients diagnosed with mild memory impairment 4. Patients diagnosed with psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia (due to presence of cataracts, lens opacities or corneal pigmentation) Smith et al., 1997 aggravated by poor performance on visual tasks (Hess et al., 1997 and Silverstein et al., 2000; 2009, 2012) 5. Patient diagnosed with neurological lesions such as cerebellar lesions as seen in Huntington’s, Wilson’s and Whipple Disease – can produce similar ocular hypometric, prolonged saccade latencies as seen in some types of dementia 6. Patients with underlying dermatological conditions such as dermatomyositis – as important facial landmarks and anatomy can be altered
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| All outcome measures will be collected at baseline and at follow up 1 year later: 1. Cognitive decline measured using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) Assessment 2. Cognitive decline measured using Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE 3) Assessment 3. Facial mapping photographs from the front, the right side and the left side of the face The neuropsychological assessments will include: 1. Estimated premorbid intellectual function assessed using National Adult Reading Task (NART) 2. Current cognitive status assessed using Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) 3. Learning, memory recall and recognition memory assessed using Hopkins Verbal Learning Task (HVLT) 4. Memory recall for complex verbal material assessed using Weschler Memory Scale (WMS) 5. Featural and holistic visuospatial perceptual processing assessed using Rey Complex Figure Task (RCFT) 6. Phonemic and semantic verbal fluency and executive function assessed using Verbal fluency tasks (VF) 7. Processing speed, attentional switching and Executive function assessed using trail-making task (TMT) 8. Levels of anxiety and depression assessed using Hospital and Anxiety Scale (HADS) Qualitative observations of processing style, impulsivity, metacognition, fatigue and self-monitoring difficulties are made throughout the assessment and recorded separately by the assessor | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| There are no secondary outcome measures | — |
Countries
England, United Kingdom