Hypertension Circulatory System Essential (primary) hypertension
Conditions
Interventions
Both groups (hypertensive and normotensive individuals) trained in high-intensity exercise training 3x/week for 6 weeks. Groups were matched by age and no other diseases than high blood pressure was a
Sponsors
Univeristy of Copenhagen
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Male
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age 45-70 years 2. BMI 20-35 kg·m-2 3. Ambulatory systolic/diastolic blood pressure >140/90 (hypertensive) or <140/90 (normotensive) 4. <2 h of physical activity per week 5. HbA1c <6.5% and <48 mM
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Irregular resting ECG 2. History of cardiac symptoms during exercise 3. Chronic diseases other than essential hypertension 4. Use of medication other than anti-hypertensive drugs 5. Inability to perform physical exercise
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Vascular function, evaluated during infusion of acetylcholine (Miochol-E, Bausch & Lomb Inc., Bridgewater, NJ) at an infusion rate of 10, 25, and 100 µg/min/kg leg mass; sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress, Hospira Inc., Lake Forest, IL) at an infusion rate of 3, 6, and 9 µg/min/kg leg mass; and phenylephrine (Herlev apotek, Copenhagen, Denmark) at an infusion rate at 3 µg/min/kg leg mass), measured before and after the training intervention 2. Leg blood flow, ultrasound Doppler (Logic E9, GE Healthcare), measured before and after the training intervention 3. Intra-arterial and -venous blood pressure, pressure transducers (Pressure Monitoring Kit, Baxter Deerfield, IL, USA) positioned at the level of the heart, measured before and after the training intervention. Leg vascular conductance, calculated as femoral arterial blood flow divided by the difference between the mean femoral arterial and venous blood pressure, measured before and after the training intervention 4. Muscle sympathetic nervous activity (MSNA; burst frequency and incidence), microneurography i.e. direct recordings of multiunit efferent postganglionic muscle sympathetic nerve activity by use of tungsten microelectrodes with a diameter of 5µm, measured before and after the training intervention 5. 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, 24-h home measurements (TM-2430 PC2, Boso, Jungingen, Germany), measured at week -2 (screening), measured before and after the training intervention. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Before and after the six-week intervention period: 1. Body composition measured by multiple DXA scans 2. Maximum oxygen uptake measured by a GXT with online measurements of oxygen uptake (OxyCon pro, ViaSys, Healtcare) 3. Muscle protein content of endothalial NOS (eNOS) measured by the method of Westernblotting from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies. 4. Leg 6-keto PGF1a release (prostacyclin analogue) in arterial and venous blood samples taken before and during infusion of acetylcholine at 10 and 100 µg/min/kg leg mass, respectively 5. Plasma norepinephrine levels as a surrogate marker of sympathetic activity from arterial and venous blood samples obtained before and during infusions of acetylcholine (10 and 100 µg/min/kg leg mass), sodium nitroprusside (3 and 9 µg/min/kg leg mass )and phenylephrine (3 µg/min/kg leg mass), respectively | — |
Countries
Denmark
Outcome results
None listed