Protein intake at meal and snack occasions

Relationship between protein intake at specific meal and snacking occasions and cardiometabolic health outcomes in US adults

Status

Active, not recruiting

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Observational

Source

ISRCTN

Registry ID

ISRCTN11120152

Enrollment

10112

Registered

2020-04-08

Start date

2013-01-01

Completion date

Unknown

Last updated

2022-11-07

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Protein intake at meal and snack occasions Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine

Interventions

Data were extracted from a preexisting public database – a nationally representative survey of the US population, NHANES. NHANES is a large ongoing dietary survey of a nationally representative sample

http://cdc.gov/NCHS/nhanes.htm) every 2 years. All data used have previously been collected. The database is accessible to the public (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

http://cdc.gov/NCHS/nhanes.htm) and does not contain any personal identifiers. Standard statistical methods for analysis of weighted population NHANES datasets were employed, including multiple regres

= 19 y). Regression analysis was used to determine decile and linear trends for cardiometabolic risk factors by IUI for protein at specific meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) and combined snacking oc

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

All

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria: All data have previously been collected and are part of an existing national public database (NHANES) accessible to the public through the Centers for Disease Control website on the World Wide Web (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; http://cdc.gov/NCHS/nhanes.htm).

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria: 1. Less than 20 years old 2. Pregnant or lactating 3. Fasted

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame
Data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2016): 1. Protein intake at specific eating occasions 2. Markers of cardiometabolic health: 2.1 Body mass index kg/m² 2.2 Waist circumference (cm) 2.3 Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 2.4 Fasting triglycerides 2.5 Total cholesterol 2.6 LDL-cholesterol 2.7 HDL-cholesterol 2.8 Glucose and insulin concentrations 2.9 Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 2.10 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score	—

Measure

Time frame

Data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2016): 1. Protein intake at specific eating occasions 2. Markers of cardiometabolic health: 2.1 Body mass index kg/m² 2.2 Waist circumference (cm) 2.3 Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 2.4 Fasting triglycerides 2.5 Total cholesterol 2.6 LDL-cholesterol 2.7 HDL-cholesterol 2.8 Glucose and insulin concentrations 2.9 Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 2.10 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score

—

Countries

United States of America

Outcome results

None listed

Source: ISRCTN (via WHO ICTRP) · Data processed: Feb 24, 2026