Obesity Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine Obesity
Conditions
Interventions
Screening period:
600-kcal were subtracted from the subjects' estimated daily energy requirements. Portion sizes and food groups were explained to patients, who were also provided with written inform
VLCD provision with continued counselling until target weight is achieved
12-week weight management module with slow return to normal food and CBT. All participants were given additional lifestyle and dietary advice during 6 visits post randomisation.
These interventions w
Sponsors
The Robert Gordon University (UK)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Men and women older than 18 years of age 2. Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than or equal to 35 kg/m^2
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. History of hepatic or renal disease 2. Cancer 3. Current pregnancy/lactating 4. On anti-depressants or anti-obesity medication 5. Eating disorders
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Weight loss, measured in kilograms before screening, at screening and 3 and 9 months post-screening. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Changes in cardiovascular risk, measured by looking at total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), fasting glucose (all in mmol/L), fasting insulin (uU/ml), HbA1c (%) waist circumference (cm), blood pressure (mmHg) 2. Liver and kidney function; liver function assessed by measuring albumin (g/L), total bilirubin (umol/L), alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase (U/L). For kidney function urea (mmol/L) and creatinine (umol/L) were measured and the estimated glomerular filtration was calculated. 3. Quality of life, measured using the following questionnaires: Physical activity (in house), the Dutch Eating Behaviour, the World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life, the Beck Depression Inventory, General Health, Lee fatigue scale and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale 4. Changes in adipokines All measured before screening, at screening and 3 and 9 months post-screening. | — |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed