Pain associated with peripheral venipuncture in emergency patients.
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: In the Valsalva maneuver intervention group, patients will be asked to perform a forced exhalation for 16 to 20 seconds, and the angiocatheter will be inserted in t
Sponsors
Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Age range 18 to 70 years Providing written informed consent to participate in the study First venipuncture Patient's consciousness and awareness of place, time, and people No use of sedatives, painkillers, or alcohol No obvious peripheral neuropathy No pulmonary disorders No abnormal skin conditions (infection, scar, psoriasis, or eczema) at the venipuncture site No acute coronary artery disease No history of mental disorders Vein puncture site on the back of the hand, inner and outer forearm
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria:
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain intensity from venipuncture based on the numerical pain scale (NRS) one minute after needle insertion. Timepoint: After venipuncture, pain intensity in all 4 study groups will be assessed by a pain assessor. Method of measurement: Numerical pain scale. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Systolic and diastolic blood pressure Arterial blood oxygen Heart rate. Timepoint: Physiological indicators (blood pressure, arterial blood oxygen, and heart rate) will be measured 5 minutes before and after venipuncture. Method of measurement: Emergency department monitoring devices. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactMohammad Amin Haji Dehabadi
Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed