Breast Cancer.
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: Participants in this group received group schema therapy consisting of eight weekly in-person sessions, each lasting 90 minutes. The sessions were conducted by a tr
the entire intervention was a psychological therapy program. Intervention 2: Control group: Participants in the control group did not receive any psychological or pharmacological intervention related
Sponsors
Islamic Azad University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
25 Years to 70 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Having a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer by a physician. Being within the age range of 25 to 70 years to maintain sample homogeneity. Patients who are undergoing specific treatments (such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery) or are being monitored by their physician after recovery Absence of severe psychiatric disorders or a prior mental illness that could directly affect the study variables. A minimum specified period of time (e.g., six months) must have passed since the diagnosis to ensure that participants are in a stabilized phase of their condition.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Dependence on narcotic substances, psychoactive drugs, or alcohol. Simultaneous participation in other organized psychotherapy or counseling programs during the study period (to prevent interference between treatment effects). Presence of acute physical illness or severe physical disability (other than breast cancer) that prevents regular attendance at sessions. History of receiving psychological intervention based on the schema therapy approach within the past year (to prevent learning or therapeutic saturation effects).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Total score of early maladaptive schemas; Outcome Description:The mean total score obtained from the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF, 75 items), which measures 18 schemas on a 6-point Likert scale (ranging from 1: “Completely untrue of me” to 6: “Describes me perfectly”). This variable is measured at two time points: “pre-intervention” and “immediately after the completion of the 8-session intervention” to evaluate the extent of change in deep-seated maladaptive beliefs in patients with breast cancer. Timepoint: At baseline (before the start of the intervention). Immediately after the completion of the 8-session schema therapy intervention (end of week eight). Method of measurement: Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form consisting of seventy-five items that assess eighteen early maladaptive schemas using a six-point Likert scale ranging from “Completely untrue of me” to “Describes me perfectly”.;Perceived stress score; Outcome Description:The mean total score obtained from Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), which consists of 14 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (from 0: “Never” to 4: “Very often”). This variable assesses the overall level of stress and feelings of lack of control over life circumstances in patients at two time points: “pre-test” and “post-test” (immediately after the intervention). It aims to evaluate the impact of schema therapy on reducing psychological pressures related to breast cancer. Timepoint: At baseline (before the start of the intervention). Immediately after the completion of the 8-session schema therapy intervention (end of week eight). Method of measurement: Cohen Perceived Stress Scale consisting of fourteen items that measure the level of perceived stress using a five-point Likert scale ranging from “Never” to “Very often”. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactGholamali Nikpoor
Islamic Azad University
Outcome results
None listed