Hyperactivity. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: Non-directive play therapy is an approach that allows the child to freely express his or her feelings and problems during play without direct guidance from the ther
Sponsors
Islamic Azad University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
7 Years to 11 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Be between 7 and 11 years old. Have a diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) confirmed by a clinical psychologist or psychiatrist based on DSM-5 criteria. Be enrolled in elementary school (grades one to five). Have the cognitive and communicative ability to participate in group or individual play therapy sessions.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Have a severe physical problem that interferes with the research process. Have a confirmed diagnosis of another disorder besides ADHD, such as severe anxiety disorders, other unrelated behavioral disorders, or neuropsychological disorders that may affect the results. Participate in other therapeutic, psychological training, or play therapy programs during the study period. Have severe physical or psychological problems that impair participation in sessions, such as severe motor disability, speech impairment, or serious cognitive disorders. Have sensory problems or specific disabilities that interfere with play therapy activities (such as visual or hearing impairments, or severe physical disabilities without possible adaptation).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Loneliness. Timepoint: before performing the intervention and two weeks after completion of the intervention. Method of measurement: Asher and Wheeler’s Loneliness Questionnaire (1985).;Social anxiety. Timepoint: before performing the intervention and two weeks after completion of the intervention. Method of measurement: Reynolds and Richmond Social Anxiety Questionnaire (1978).;Aggression. Timepoint: before performing the intervention and two weeks after completion of the intervention. Method of measurement: Eysenck and Wilson Aggression Questionnaire (1975). | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactMahsa Heidari
Islamic Azad University
Outcome results
None listed