Post-rhinoplasty edema and ecchymosis.
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: Intervention group 1: Subcutaneous dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kgFull details:Drug: DexamethasoneDose: 0.15 mg/kg (patient weight)Route: Subcutaneous injectionTiming: Imm
Sponsors
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Patients aged 18 to 40 years Candidates for rhinoplasty with lateral osteotomy Suitable physical status for general anesthesia Written informed consent to participate in the study
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: History of diabetes mellitus History of peptic ulcer Psychiatric disorders Active tuberculosis or active infection Hypersensitivity to steroids History of corticosteroid use Coagulation disorders
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Severity of edema (score 0 to 4)Description:0 = no edema1 = mild2 = moderate3 = severe4 = very severeMeasured at 1, 24, and 48 hours post-rhinoplasty by blinded assessor. Timepoint: Measurement at 1, 24, and 48 hours post-rhinoplastyFull description:Severity of edema measured by blinded assessor at the following time points:1 hour after surgery completion24 hours after surgery48 hours after surgery. Method of measurement: Clinical assessment by blinded assessor Full description: Tool: Direct observation + Kara/Gokalan standard scale (0-4) Method: Independent surgeon (blinded to intervention) scores periorbital edema severity Standard: Gold standard method in rhinoplasty studies (non-digital photography). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Severity of ecchymosis (score 0 to 4)Description:0 = no ecchymosis1 = mild2 = moderate3 = severe4 = very severe. Timepoint: Measurement at 1, 24, and 48 hours post-rhinoplastyFull description:Severity of ecchymosis measured by blinded assessor at:1 hour after surgery completion24 hours after surgery48 hours after surgery. Method of measurement: Clinical assessment by blinded assessorFull description:Tool: Direct observation + Kara and Gokalan standard scale (0-4)Method: Independent surgeon (blinded to intervention) scores periorbital ecchymosis severityStandard: Identical to edema assessment (inter-rater reliability ICC > 0.9).;Duration of complete resolution of edema and ecchymosisDescription:Time from end of rhinoplasty surgery until complete disappearance (score=0) of both periorbital edema and ecchymosisMeasured daily by blinded assessor until score=0 achieved for both outcomes. Timepoint: Daily measurement from end of surgery until complete resolution Full description:Start: Immediately after rhinoplasty completion Intervals: Every 24 hours (daily)End: When both edema and ecchymosis reach score=0. Method of measurement: Daily clinical assessment by blinded assessor Full description: Tool: Kara and Gokalan scale (0-4) for both edema and ecchymosis Stop criterion: Both conditions reach score=0Method: Direct observation + recording exact time of complete resolution Standard: Protocol used in corticosteroid rhinoplasty studies. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactGholamali Dashti Khoydaki
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed