Postoperative Sore Throat (POST) following General Anesthesia.
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention Group 1: Group D – Dexamethasone, Participants receive preoperative nebulized dexamethasone, 15–30 minutes before induction of general anesthesia. Intervention 2: Interven
Sponsors
Superior University, Lahore
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Patients aged 18 – 50 undergoing surgeries that require endotracheal intubation after general anesthesia ASA Physical status of I–III Patient giving informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Patient known to be allergic to study drugs Asthmatic or COPD patients ASA physical status IV – VI The Patient has a pre-existing sore throat or pain Surgeries involving the neck, throat, or airway Upper respiratory tract infection Patients with a history of renal disease
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Incidence and Severity of Postoperative Sore Throat (POST). Timepoint: Measured at 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours after extubation. Method of measurement: Severity was assessed using the STAT-10 scale, a validated questionnaire for postoperative sore throat.Incidence is recorded as the presence or absence of sore throat at each time point. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| . Timepoint: . Method of measurement: .;Secondary outcomes include intubation-related factors (number of attempts and their association with POST severity), cuff pressure categories (=24 vs >24 cm H2O), surgery-related factors (type and duration of surgery), endotracheal tube size, postoperative complications (nausea, vomiting, GI irritation, hyperglycemia, delayed wound healing, and others), and requirement for rescue analgesia. Timepoint: Secondary outcomes was measured at 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours after extubation for outcomes related to POST and complications. Method of measurement: The secondary outcomes are measured using a combination of direct observation, structured questionnaires, and patient records. Intubation attempts and endotracheal tube size are recorded intraoperatively from anesthesia notes. Cuff pressure is measured using a manometer at the time of intubation. Surgery type and duration are documented from operative records. Postoperative complications such as nausea, vomiting, GI irritation, hyperglycemia, delayed wound healing, and others are monitored through direct observation and patient self-report. Rescue analgesia requirement is recorded from patient charts and by direct inquiry during the 12-hour postoperative period. Outcome assessors are blinded to group allocation to minimize bias. | — |
Countries
Pakistan
Contacts
Public ContactAbdul Mabood
Superior University, Lahore
Outcome results
None listed