Condition 1: Dental Caries. Condition 2: Periodontal diseases. Dental caries Gingivitis and periodontal diseases
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: A mother-centered educational program based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model is implemented over a period of six months. The educational content is designed based on th
Sponsors
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
6 Years to No maximum
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Obtaining informed consent from the mother for her participation in the study. Obtaining informed consent from both the mother and the father for the participation of their child or children in the study. Having at least one child between 6 and 12 years of age. Having resided in the refugee camp for a minimum of six months. Having no plan to leave the refugee camp within the next year.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Any specific physical, motor, or mental-psychological illness of any family member that disrupts the study process. Mothers and children who complete the initial checklist in the form of a needs assessment in the third stage of the first part of the study will not be entered into the trial section of the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Mean changes in the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) in Afghan children aged 6-12 years. Timepoint: In this study, the time points for measuring the primary outcome variable (mean changes in the OHI-S index) include before the intervention (baseline), 2 months after the start of the intervention, and 6 months after the start of the intervention. Method of measurement: This index is assessed through clinical examination using a dental mirror, dental explorer, and Williams periodontal probe, under artificial light and on a dental unit. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index consists of two components: the Debris Index and the Calculus Index. For this purpose, six index teeth including teeth numbers 16, 11, 26, 36, 31, and 46 are examined. Each tooth is scored from zero to three, and the sum of the Debris Index and Calculus Index scores divided by the number of teeth examined is considered as the final score of the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. These examinations are performed by the researcher (PhD student in Community Oral Health and Dental Social Medicine) based on the World Health Organization criteria. Additionally, before starting the study, the examiner will be calibrated with a specialist dentist, and the inter-rater agreement will be calculated. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Mean changes in the score of behavior (performance) in Afghan mothers. Timepoint: Before the intervention (baseline), 2 months after the start of the intervention, and 6 months after the start of the intervention. Method of measurement: The mean changes in the score of behavior (performance) in Afghan mothers are measured using a researcher-made structured questionnaire that is designed and developed based on the constructs of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Behavior (performance) includes the practical actions of the mother regarding the oral health care of herself and her children. The process of developing this questionnaire is based on the literature review and the results of the third phase of the study (educational and ecological assessment), items related to each of the components of behavior are extracted. Then, the face and content validity of the questionnaire is assessed using expert opinions and statistical methods, and its reliability is confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The final questionnaire is completed by Afghan mothers in three time points with the assistance of the researcher or a trained assistant (one of the health liaisons residing in the refugee camp). Each response is assigned a specific numerical score. The overall score of behavior (performance) is calculated by summing or averaging the scores of the relevant items. Finally, the mean changes in these scores in each group (intervention and control) are calculated by comparing the scores at different time points and are compared between the two groups using analysis of covariance.;Mean changes in the Gingival Index in Afghan children aged 6-12 years. Timepoint: Before the intervention (baseline), 2 months after the start of the intervention, and 6 months after the start of the intervention. Method of measurement: The Gingival Index is assessed through clinical examination using a Williams periodontal probe, dental mirror, and dental explorer, under artificial light and on a d | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactAmin Arsalan
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed