Orthodontic problems.
Conditions
Sponsors
Islamic Azad University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Absence of systemic diseases or significant periodontal or periapical problems Presence of healthy first molars in the maxilla bilaterally with normal proximal contacts The second premolar and second molar teeth are completely erupted. No previous history of orthodontic treatment Adequate oral hygiene and willingness to participate in follow-up assessments
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Recent use of painkillers, anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, anticonvulsants, or any medication that can affect pain perception History of chronic pain conditions, facial neuralgia, or mental disorders Uncontrolled gingivitis or other periodontal problems in the area being treated Significant dental problems, such as multiple missing teeth or gaps between molars and premolars Pregnant or breastfeeding women Patients who do not complete the VAS questionnaire or are excluded from the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain level in Visual Analogue Scale questionnaire. Timepoint: Pain level is assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale questionnaire, which is completed by patients at 0, 2, 6, 24, 72 hours, and 5 days after the intervention. Method of measurement: Visual Analogue Scale questionnaire. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactElahe chambari
Islamic Azad University
Outcome results
None listed