Orthodontic problems.
Conditions
Sponsors
Islamic Azad University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - Absence of systemic diseases or significant periodontal or periapical problems - Presence of healthy first molars in both upper left and right halves with normal proximal contacts - Fully erupted second premolars and second molars - No previous history of orthodontic treatment - Adequate oral hygiene and willingness to participate in subsequent evaluations
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - Recent use of analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, anticonvulsants, or any medication that can affect pain perception. - History of chronic pain conditions, facial neuralgia, or psychiatric disorders - Uncontrolled gingivitis or other periodontal problems in the treatment area - Significant dental problems, such as multiple missing teeth or gaps between molars and premolars - Pregnant or lactating women - Patients who do not complete the VAS questionnaire or withdraw from the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain level in Visual Analogue Scale questionnaire. Timepoint: Pain level is assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale questionnaire, which is completed by patients at 0, 2, 6, 24, 72 hours, and 5 days after the intervention. Method of measurement: Visual Analogue Scale questionnaire. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactZohre chambari
Islamic Azad University
Outcome results
None listed