Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: Participants in this group will receive one tablet containing 1000 mg of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) daily for four consecutive weeks. The tablets will be administere
Sponsors
Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
30 Years to 65 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes based on ADA criteria (HbA1c = 6.5% or fasting plasma glucose = 126 mg/dL), with an HbA1c range of 6.5% to 9%, indicating relatively controlled glycemic status. No use of antioxidant or vitamin supplements during the previous 3 months. No history of acute infectious or inflammatory diseases within the past 1 month. No history of chronic infectious or inflammatory diseases. At least one year has elapsed since the diagnosis of diabetes. Non-smoker and no use of tobacco products.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Having type 1 diabetes Unwillingness to participate in the study. history of liver or kidney diseases, autoimmune or chronic inflammatory diseases, hematologic disorders, hypo- or hyperthyroidism, or myocardial infarction; and use of diuretics or other medications containing vitamin C. Additionally, use of antimicrobial mouthwashes, anti-inflammatory medications, or antibiotics during the past three months.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Total blood antioxidant capacity: the body's ability to counteract oxidative stress and neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS). Timepoint: Once before the intervention and once after the intervention. Method of measurement: From each participant, two 5 mL blood samples will be collected from the antecubital vein (in tubes containing a gel separator without anticoagulant) at two time points: before the start of the intervention and at the end of the fourth week, following 8 to 12 hours of fasting. The samples will be immediately transferred to the laboratory, centrifuged, and analyzed for biochemical parameters and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) using spectrophotometry and specific kits (FRAP kit, Kavosh Arian Azma Company). A commercial kit will be used for the measurement of TAC. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Periodontal indices: 1. Gingival Index (GI): The Gingival Index is defined to assess gingival status and records qualitative changes in the gingiva. 2. Bleeding on Probing (BOP): BOP refers to bleeding that occurs during probing. Timepoint: Once before the intervention and once after the intervention. Method of measurement: Oral examinations will be performed by an experienced and trained dentist using a standard WHO probe under dental chair lighting. Bleeding on probing (BOP) will be assessed by recording the presence or absence of bleeding within 15 seconds after probing the interproximal area at four sites per tooth. The Gingival Index (GI) will be scored from 0 to 3 based on Löe and Silness criteria (0: no inflammation, 3: severe inflammation with bleeding). All periodontal examinations will be repeated at baseline and at the end of the fourth week. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactFateme Kavosi
Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed