Mild Cognitive Impairment - MCI.
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: Intervention Description for Group 1 (Combined Dual-Task Zumba Gold and Otago Exercise Program - DTZ + OEP):A) Intervention Dosage and Scheduling:Participants in th
Sponsors
University of Isfahan, Faculty of Sports Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
60 Years to 75 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Female gender and age between 60 and 75 years Diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on Petersen’s criteria (2004), including subjective memory complaints and no diagnosis of dementia Scoring 25 or below on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Normal performance in activities of daily living based on the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Absence of severe visual or hearing impairments and having normal conceptual/comprehension abilities Ability to walk and perform exercise training independently No participation in any regular exercise training program within the past 6 months Absence of contraindications for exercise based on the American Heart Association/American College of Sports Medicine (AHA/ACSM) pre-participation screening questionnaire Absence of severe depression based on the 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) Obtaining written informed consent and willingness to participate in the study Having reading and writing literacy or at least primary education Stability in the dosage of allowed medications throughout the study period
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Clinical diagnosis of any progressive neurological or severe psychiatric disorders (such as Parkinson's disease or advanced dementia) History of stroke or acute neurological diseases that impair the individual's motor balance Uncontrolled cardiovascular diseases, active cancer, or severe musculoskeletal disorders interfering with movement Presence of absolute sensory deficits (severe visual or hearing impairments that prevent understanding instructions) Absolute inability to perform basic cognitive tasks (such as spelling words or counting backward due to complete illiteracy) History of alcohol or substance dependence or abuse Continuous use of sedatives, anticonvulsants, and heavy antidepressants that directly affect cognitive function Severe fluctuation or sudden change in the dosage of routine medications (such as blood pressure or lipid-lowering drugs) within the past 3 months History of major surgery within the past 6 months or having a scheduled surgery during the next 3 months Uncontrolled metabolic diseases, such as unstable diabetes or acute and uncontrolled hypertension (above 160/100 mmHg)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Serum level of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in picograms per milliliter (pg/mL). Timepoint: Measurement of serum BDNF levels at the beginning of the study (before starting the exercise interventions) and immediately after the completion of the 12th week of training. Method of measurement: Via blood sampling from the brachial vein under fasting conditions and using the ZellBio Germany Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay laboratory kit.;Total cognitive function score based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Timepoint: Measurement of the total cognitive function score at the beginning of the study (before starting the exercise interventions) and immediately after the completion of the 12th week of training. Method of measurement: Via the administration of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, with scoring calculated within the range of zero to thirty. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The completion time of part B in the Trail Making Test to assess executive function and cognitive flexibility in seconds. Timepoint: Measurement of part B of the Trail Making Test completion time at the beginning of the study (before starting the exercise interventions) and immediately after the completion of the 12th week of training. Method of measurement: Via the administration of part B of the Trail Making Test, with the score recorded based on the completion time up to a maximum of three hundred seconds.;Isometric handgrip strength score (upper body muscular strength) in kilograms. Timepoint: At the beginning of the study (pre-test, before starting the exercise interventions) and immediately after the completion of the 12 weeks of Zumba Gold and Otago exercise interventions (post-test). Method of measurement: Measured using a digital handgrip dynamometer. The participant is positioned in a standard posture (standing or sitting on an armless chair) with the shoulder adducted and the elbow flexed at 90 degrees. Upon the evaluator's command, the participant exerts maximum isometric effort on the handle. The test is repeated three times for the dominant hand (with a 60-second rest interval between trials), and the highest recorded value in kilograms will be used for statistical analysis.;Functional lower body muscular strength and endurance score based on the number of completed sit-to-stand repetitions within a 30-second time limit. Timepoint: At the beginning of the study (pre-test, before starting the exercise interventions) and immediately after the completion of the 12 weeks of Zumba Gold and Otago exercise interventions (post-test). Method of measurement: Measured using a standard armless chair (seat height of 43-46 cm) placed against a wall and a stopwatch. The participant sits in the middle of the chair with a straight back, feet flat on the floor, and arms crossed over the chest. Upon the "Go" command, the participant rises to a full standing position and | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactElham Piri
University of Isfahan
Outcome results
None listed