Chronic Smoking / Nicotine Use. .
Conditions
Interventions
Control group: Participants do not perform any HIIT training and receive two placebo capsules daily, similar in appearance and taste to the omega-3 supplement. Placebo capsules contain inactive vegeta
Sponsors
Rizgary Teaching Hospital
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Male
Age
18 Years to 25 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Current male smokers in Erbil city, 18 to 25 years old Smoking 11 to 20 cigarettes per day over the past year No history of specific diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular or respiratory diseases No history of food allergies No history of drug use No history of taking anti-inflammatory drugs, beta-2 agonists, and any supplements (such as vitamins, omega-3 supplements, protein drinks, amino acids, etc.) in the past three months or during the study No history of any regular exercise or physical activity in the past six months. Information on personal and family history of atopic diseases, diet.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Individuals with advanced cardiovascular disease, clinically significant arrhythmias, severe COPD or FEV1 less than 50% predicted, uncontrolled hypertension, or any acute or chronic illness incompatible with the safe implementation of the exercise protocol People with a history of allergy to fish oil or omega-3, continuous use of omega-3 supplements in the last three months, use of smoking cessation medication, and addiction to other tobacco and narcotic substances (except cigarettes in the target groups) were excluded from the study. During the research, lack of cooperation in completing the protocol, absence from more than two to three training sessions in sports groups, irregular use of supplements (less than 80% of the prescribed dose) Failure to attend the pre-test and post-test Starting a new medication or supplement that affects research variables The occurrence of a new acute or chronic disease, musculoskeletal injury, or cardiopulmonary problems related to the intervention Quitting smoking during the study period Request for voluntary withdrawal from further cooperation
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Timepoint: Primary outcomes will be assessed at two time points: At baseline (pre-test), 24 hours before the initiation of any exercise training or omega-3 supplementation; After eight weeks of intervention (post-test), 48 hours following the completion of the HIIT program and/or omega-3 supplementation. Method of measurement: Serum IL-6 levels will be determined using commercially available human ELISA kits (ZellBio, Germany), based on the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.;C-reactive Protein (CRP). Timepoint: Primary outcomes will be assessed at two time points: At baseline (pre-test), 24 hours before the initiation of any exercise training or omega-3 supplementation; After eight weeks of intervention (post-test), 48 hours following the completion of the HIIT program and/or omega-3 supplementation. Method of measurement: Serum CRP levels will be measured using the CRP US kit (USA). Quantitative determination of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in human serum will be performed by the immunoturbidimetric assay, according to the manufacturer’s instructions.;IL-6/hs-CRP. Timepoint: Primary outcomes will be assessed at two time points: At baseline (pre-test), 24 hours before the initiation of any exercise training or omega-3 supplementation; After eight weeks of intervention (post-test), 48 hours following the completion of the HIIT program and/or omega-3 supplementation. Method of measurement: The IL-6 to hs-CRP ratio is calculated by dividing the serum concentration of IL-6 (expressed in pg/mL) by the serum concentration of hs-CRP (expressed in mg/L).;Clara Cell Protein (CC16). Timepoint: Primary outcomes will be assessed at two time points: At baseline (pre-test), 24 hours before the initiation of any exercise training or omega-3 supplementation; After eight weeks of intervention (post-test), 48 hours following the completion of the HIIT program and/or omega-3 supplementation. Method of measurement: Serum Cla | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBP, DBP). Timepoint: Primary outcomes will be assessed at two time points: At baseline (pre-test), 24 hours before the initiation of any exercise training or omega-3 supplementation; After eight weeks of intervention (post-test), 48 hours following the completion of the HIIT program and/or omega-3 supplementation. Method of measurement: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured from the participant’s right arm using a digital blood pressure monitor, Beurer BM20. Before measurement, participants will rest in a seated position for 25 minutes. Blood pressure will be recorded three times at 5-minute intervals, and the average of the three measurements will be considered the final blood pressure value.;Body composition indices (height, weight, body fat percentage, and BMI). Timepoint: Primary outcomes will be assessed at two time points: At baseline (pre-test), 24 hours before the initiation of any exercise training or omega-3 supplementation; After eight weeks of intervention (post-test), 48 hours following the completion of the HIIT program and/or omega-3 supplementation. Method of measurement: Participants’ height will be measured using a stadiometer, Seca model 769, made in Germany, with an accuracy of 1 millimeter. Body weight will be recorded using a Camoushita body scale with an accuracy of 0.1 kilograms. Body fat percentage will be determined using a caliper, model SH5020.Calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI)Body Mass Index will be calculated using the following formula: BMI (kg/m2) = weight (kg) / height (m2).;24-hour food reminder. Timepoint: Primary outcomes will be assessed at two time points: At baseline (pre-test), 24 hours before the initiation of any exercise training or omega-3 supplementation; After eight weeks of intervention (post-test), 48 hours following the completion of the HIIT program and/or omega-3 supplementation. Method of measurement: During the intervention period, participants in the e | — |
Countries
Iraq
Contacts
Public ContactBadrkhan Rashwan Ismael
University of Tabriz
Outcome results
None listed