Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson's disease
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention Group: Structured Vision-Therapy ProgramParticipants in this group will receive a structured vision-therapy program consisting of evidence-based exercises derived from the
Sponsors
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
30 Years to 75 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Age between 30 and 75 years. Diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease confirmed by a neurologist based on the UK Brain Bank Criteria. Disease severity between stages 1 and 3 on the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Adequate cognitive function defined as a score of 24 or higher on the MoCA test and 82 or higher on the PD-CRS test. Ability to read and write in Persian Absence of young-onset Parkinson’s disease (onset before the age of 21 years). No substance abuse according to the patient and family reports. No other major neurological disorders based on neurologist evaluation. Best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better in each eye. Presence of binocular vision dysfunction, including a CISS score greater than 21, near point of convergence exceeding 8 centimeters, and other indicators of binocular vision anomalies if applicable. Stable dosage of antiparkinsonian medications throughout the study period. No severe anxiety or depression based on the HADS questionnaire (scores below 11 on each subscale).
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Presence of severe anterior segment ocular diseases including advanced keratoconus, corneal opacities, advanced glaucoma, and active uveitis. Presence of severe posterior segment diseases such as advanced age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, optic nerve atrophy, and other major macular disorders. History of brain surgery except for DBS. History of ocular trauma. Presence of manifest strabismus, paralytic deviations, or significant vertical deviations. History of amblyopia. Ocular conditions affecting binocular vision. Use of medications that interfere with binocular vision (other than antiparkinsonian drugs). Any change in antiparkinsonian drug dosage during the study. Use of medications that impair balance as confirmed by the medical team. Occurrence of any new debilitating comorbidity during the study that may affect participation.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Visual function, fear of falling, and vision-related quality of life in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Timepoint: Baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. Method of measurement: Visual function tests (acuity, stereopsis, contrast sensitivity, NPC, reading speed, vergence), fear of falling questionnaires, and vision-related quality of life questionnaires. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Secondary outcomes include functional mobility and balance, contrast sensitivity and color vision, cognitive function, fusional vergence reserves and vergence facility, and the number of falls during the study period. These outcomes are measured using standardized tests and validated questionnaires. Timepoint: Baseline (before intervention), post-intervention, and follow-up. Method of measurement: Functional mobility and balance measured using standardized mobility and balance tests; contrast sensitivity and color vision measured with standard visual tests; cognitive function assessed using MoCA and PD-CRS; fusional vergence reserves and vergence facility assessed using optometric tests; number of falls recorded via patient diary or interview. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactFaezeh Fayaz
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed