The Effect of Thought Diversion Intervention using Virtual Reality Glasses on Morphine Consumption and Anxiety in Patients After Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Status

Recruiting

Phases

Phase 3

Study type

Interventional

Source

IRCT

Registry ID

IRCT20251121068066N7

Enrollment

Registered

2026-01-13

Start date

2026-01-30

Completion date

Unknown

Last updated

2026-02-02

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Postoperative anxiety. Anxiety disorder, unspecified

Interventions

Intervention 1: Intervention group: Patients will receive two virtual reality intervention sessions in the intensive care unit, starting 24 hours after endotracheal extubation. Each session will last

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

All

Age

18 Years to 65 Years

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria: Patients admitted to the intensive care unit following heart valve surgery. Age between 18 and 65 years. Conscious and able to communicate verbally. Fluent in Persian. Willingness to cooperate in the study. No chronic pain prior to surgery. No speech, hearing, or vision impairments. No psychological diseases. No claustrophobia or acrophobia.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria: Unwillingness to continue cooperation. Clinical deterioration or decreased level of consciousness. Death during the study. Postoperative delirium. Patients undergoing intraaortic balloon pump. Surgery canceled or postponed. Adrenal gland disorder. Substance abuse or addiction. Uncooperative behavior interfering with study procedures.

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame
Morphine Consumption: The amount of morphine consumed by the patient, recorded via the PCA (Patient-Controlled Analgesia) system, measured and compared before the first and second interventions. Timepoint: Before the first intervention and before the second intervention (with a 6-hour interval). Method of measurement: The dose taken via the Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) device will be recorded by the researcher or staff at the designated time points.;Anxiety Level: Anxiety is defined as a state of intense and persistent worry or fear about potential future events. It is a common psychological response to changes and new experiences, often characterized by heightened nervousness and apprehension. Timepoint: Anxiety will be assessed at three time points: before the intervention, immediately after the first intervention, and immediately after the second intervention. Method of measurement: Anxiety levels were assessed using the Situational Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y1), consisting of 20 items on a 4-point Likert scale (from very low to very high). The total score ranges from 20 to 80.;Pain Level: Pain is defined as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling actual or potential tissue damage,” where sensory perceptions, emotional, and cognitive processes interact in a complex manner. Timepoint: Pain levels will be assessed at three time points: before the intervention, immediately after the first intervention, and immediately after the second intervention. Method of measurement: Pain intensity is measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), represented by a 100-mm line, with scores ranging from 0 (no pain) to 100 (worst possible pain).	—

Measure

Time frame

Morphine Consumption: The amount of morphine consumed by the patient, recorded via the PCA (Patient-Controlled Analgesia) system, measured and compared before the first and second interventions. Timepoint: Before the first intervention and before the second intervention (with a 6-hour interval). Method of measurement: The dose taken via the Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) device will be recorded by the researcher or staff at the designated time points.;Anxiety Level: Anxiety is defined as a state of intense and persistent worry or fear about potential future events. It is a common psychological response to changes and new experiences, often characterized by heightened nervousness and apprehension. Timepoint: Anxiety will be assessed at three time points: before the intervention, immediately after the first intervention, and immediately after the second intervention. Method of measurement: Anxiety levels were assessed using the Situational Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y1), consisting of 20 items on a 4-point Likert scale (from very low to very high). The total score ranges from 20 to 80.;Pain Level: Pain is defined as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling actual or potential tissue damage,” where sensory perceptions, emotional, and cognitive processes interact in a complex manner. Timepoint: Pain levels will be assessed at three time points: before the intervention, immediately after the first intervention, and immediately after the second intervention. Method of measurement: Pain intensity is measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), represented by a 100-mm line, with scores ranging from 0 (no pain) to 100 (worst possible pain).

—

Countries

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Contacts

Public ContactHamed Jamshidi

Shahid Rajaee Cardiovascular Educational, Research and Treatment Institute

info@rhi.ac.ir+98 26 3464 2335

Outcome results

None listed

Source: IRCT (via WHO ICTRP) · Data processed: Feb 7, 2026