Migraine. Migraine
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: Received mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy (MBCT) in a group setting in 8 90-minute sessions. The protocol included mindfulness strategies, cognitive r
Sponsors
Islamic Azad University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
20 Years to 50 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Migraine diagnosis based on diagnosis by a neurologist and psychiatrist. Age 20–50 years. Physically able to attend sessions. Minimum literacy level. Provided informed consent and willingness to participate. Not receiving any other psychological treatment during the study (for the experimental group).
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Failure to adhere to the study protocol, including missing >3 sessions or not completing assignments. Worsening of medical or psychological condition due to the intervention (e.g., suicidal ideation). Onset of a new chronic physical illness. History of physical illnesses requiring medication or special diet. Presence of acute psychological disorders (e.g., severe depression or anxiety) based on psychiatric history. Receiving any psychological treatment (for the control group).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Cognitive Avoidance:Cognitive avoidance is measured as a discrete quantitative variable using a standardized questionnaire with a Likert-scale response format. Timepoint: Assessments will be conducted at baseline (pre-test), immediately post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Method of measurement: Cognitive avoidance will be measured using the Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ) developed by Sexton and Dugas (2009). This questionnaire assesses cognitive strategies used to avoid distressing thoughts and is scored on a Likert scale. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 23, and group comparisons over time will be performed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).;Health Anxiety:Health anxiety is assessed as a discrete quantitative variable using a validated Likert-scale questionnaire. Timepoint: Assessments will be conducted at baseline (pre-test), immediately post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Method of measurement: Health anxiety will be assessed using the Health Anxiety Questionnaire (HAQ) developed by Salkovskis and Warwick (2002), which measures excessive concern and worry about health status using Likert-scale items. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 23, and group comparisons over time will be performed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).;Pain Catastrophizing:Pain catastrophizing is measured as a discrete quantitative variable using a Likert-scale–based questionnaire. Timepoint: Assessments will be conducted at baseline (pre-test), immediately post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Method of measurement: Pain catastrophizing will be measured using the Pain Catastrophizing Questionnaire (PCQ) developed by Sullivan et al. (1995). This instrument evaluates exaggerated negative cognitive and emotional responses to pain based on Likert-scale scoring. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactFahimeh Sadat Mosaviyan
Islamic Azad University
Outcome results
None listed