Diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with diabetic nephropathy
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: Emotion Regulation Training: Participants receive an 8-session program (weekly, 90 minutes) based on Gross’s (2001) emotion regulation model. The sessions include e
Sponsors
Islamic Azad University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
40 Years to 55 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Diagnosis of type 2 diabetic nephropathy confirmed by an endocrinologist or internal medicine specialist based on laboratory criteria (HbA1c > 6.5% and FBS > 126 mg/dL). Age 40–55 years. Disease duration between 5 and 10 years. No major psychiatric disorders and no severe comorbid physical illnesses (e.g., cardiovascular or ophthalmic complications). Minimum literacy level equivalent to sixth grade. No psychological or psychiatric intervention during the past year. Ability to communicate verbally and perform required activities. Stable medication regimen during the past three months.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Diagnosis of type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Hospitalization during the study period. Withdrawal or unwillingness to continue participation. Development of severe diabetic nephropathy complications during the intervention. Missing more than one intervention session.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Biological indices: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) to assess metabolic control.Psychological distress: Anxiety, depression, and helplessness measured using the 10-item Kessler Questionnaire (K10).Self-care: Diet, physical activity, blood sugar monitoring, medication adherence, foot care, and smoking, measured using the Toobert Diabetes Self-Care Questionnaire. Timepoint: Baseline (pre-test), immediately post-intervention (after 8 sessions), and 3-month follow-up. Method of measurement: Biomarkers: Measured via standard laboratory tests (blood samples) at the Tehran Sound and Television Health and Treatment Center.Psychological distress: Assessed using the 5-item Kessler Questionnaire (score range 0–40; higher scores indicate greater distress).Self-care: Assessed using the Toobert Diabetes Self-Care Questionnaire (based on days of behavior adherence in the past week; higher scores indicate better self-care). Both questionnaires were self-reported under researcher supervision. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactSoozan Emamipour
Islamic Azad University
Outcome results
None listed