Anesthesia.
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: General anesthesia with epinephrine: After induction of anesthesia by the anesthesiologist, a 1:10,000 dilution of epinephrine at a dose of 50 micrograms will be in
Sponsors
Shahre-kord University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 45 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age 18 to 45 years 2. ASA class I and II (except for hypertension and cardiac disease) 3. Written consent to participate in the study
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: People with coagulation disorders, heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, or drug allergies Patient unwillingness to continue participation in the study or failure to sign the informed consent form. Alcohol and caffeine consumption Detection of any severe hemodynamic instability or unexpected need for emergency intervention during initial monitoring/assessment. Unexpected findings on baseline laboratory tests (if performed) that constitute a contraindication to the intervention. Inability to ensure standard conditions for baseline measurements (e.g., severe uncooperativeness).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Mean heart rate (beats per minute) at four time points: before induction (T0), one minute post-induction (T1), three minutes post-induction (T2), and at the end of surgery (T3). Timepoint: Before induction (T0), one minute post-induction (T1), three minutes post-induction (T2), and at the end of surgery (T3). Method of measurement: Same pulse oximetry.;Determining and comparing the mean blood pressure score of patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia with propofol before, immediately, and after the intervention in the two intervention and control groups, within and between groups. Timepoint: Before induction (T0), one minute post-induction (T1), three minutes post-induction (T2), end of surgery (T3). Method of measurement: Cuffs of the same size arm in the same place for the same people.;Mean arterial oxygen saturation percentage (SpO2) at four time points: before induction (T0), one minute post-induction (T1), three minutes post-induction (T2), and at the end of surgery (T3). Timepoint: Before induction (T0), one minute post-induction (T1), three minutes post-induction (T2), end of surgery (T3). Method of measurement: Same Pulse oximetry.;Mean respiratory rate (breaths per minute) at four time points: before induction (T0), one minute post-induction (T1), three minutes post-induction (T2), and at the end of surgery (T3). Timepoint: Before induction (T0), one minute post-induction (T1), three minutes post-induction (T2), end of surgery (T3). Method of measurement: Counting the number of breaths per minute.;Occurrence of any electrocardiogram rhythm or morphology changes including ventricular tachycardia, bradycardia requiring treatment, ventricular or atrial extrasystoles, and ST segment changes during anesthesia until the end of recovery. Timepoint: Continuously from before induction (T0) until the end of recovery (up to 2 hours after surgery), recording any clinically significant change. Method of measurement: ECG.;Frequency of the following adverse ev | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactMohammad javad Torkan
Shahre-kord University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed