Condition 1: Type 2 Diabetes. Condition 2: Self-care education and monitoring and follow-up of patients with type 2 diabetes. Condition 3: Nurse-led multidisciplinary care for patients with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus Need for continuous supervision Encounter for other specified aftercare
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention Group: The intervention consists of a 6-month multidisciplinary care program for type 2 diabetes patients, delivered by a team including a trained nurse (researcher with m
each 30-45 minutes) focusing on seven essential self-care behaviors (based on American Diabetes Association: basic diabetes knowledge, healthy eating, physical activity, glucose self-monitoring, medic
plus developing discrepancy, rolling with resistance, supporting self-efficacy, readiness ruler, looking forward), and practical activities like meal planning or glucometer practice. Educational files
Sponsors
Yazd University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at least 6 months after starting treatment HbA1C level greater than 6.5 in the last test within the past three months or at admission (indicator of moderate to poor blood sugar control) Ability to understand Persian (language of instruction and interview) Sufficient cognitive ability to participate in training and complete questionnaires Phone access for follow-up Willingness to participate in the study and sign the consent form At least 2 visits to a diabetes center in the past year Regular use of oral antidiabetic medications or insulin Being alert and mentally healthy Willingness and consent to undergo testing
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Severe psychiatric illness or cognitive impairment under treatment Severe vision or hearing problems that prevent participation in education. Other underlying and comorbid conditions that have created unstable or life-threatening conditions for the patient (such as advanced renal failure, active cancer, acute cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease) The patient has type 1 diabetes
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| HbA1c level. Timepoint: At baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after intervention. Method of measurement: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): Measured in the laboratory using an automatic biochemistry analyzer.;Diabetes self-management score. Timepoint: At baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after intervention. Method of measurement: Diabetes self-management score: Assessed using the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ), completed by the patient.;Medication adherence score. Timepoint: At baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after intervention. Method of measurement: Medication adherence score: Assessed using the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS), completed by the patient.;Diabetes-related psychological distress score. Timepoint: At baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after intervention. Method of measurement: Diabetes-related psychological distress score: Assessed using the Diabetes Distress Scale-17 (DDS-17). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS). Timepoint: At baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after intervention. Method of measurement: Fasting blood sugar: measured in the laboratory using an automatic biochemistry device.;Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level. Timepoint: At baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after intervention. Method of measurement: LDL cholesterol: measured in the laboratory using an automatic biochemistry device.;Mean of Systolic Blood Pressure. Timepoint: At baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after intervention. Method of measurement: Systolic blood pressure: measured with a digital sphygmomanometer calibrated by a trained nurse.;Mean of Diastolic Blood Pressure. Timepoint: At baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after intervention. Method of measurement: Diastolic blood pressure: measured with a digital sphygmomanometer calibrated by a trained nurse. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactFatemeh Bakhshi
Yazd University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed