Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders
Conditions
Interventions
The control group receives sham Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (Sham CES). The CES device appears active (with the display screen turned on), but no effective electrical current is delivered to th
Sponsors
Vice Presidency for Research Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
12 Years to 16 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Diagnosis of ADHD based on DSM-V criteria, as confirmed by a psychiatrist. Age between 12 and 16 years. Absence of comorbid neurological or psychiatric disorders. Not currently receiving stimulant medication or any pharmacological treatment program.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: History of neurological or psychiatric comorbidities other than ADHD (e.g., autism, active epilepsy, bipolar disorder). Presence of sensory impairments that could interfere with interventions (severe visual or auditory impairments). Receiving stimulant medication or any pharmacological treatment program for ADHD at the time of study entry. Participation in any cognitive rehabilitation or psychotherapy program at the time of study entry. History of brain surgery or detectable structural brain lesions. Presence of active major medical illnesses (e.g., severe cardiac, renal, or hepatic diseases) that would contraindicate or endanger the interventions. History of hypersensitivity or adverse reaction to cranial electrical stimulation (CES). Presence of metallic implants in the head or neck that would preclude CES administration.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Cognitive Executive Functions:This variable encompasses higher-order mental abilities such as attention, working memory, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility, which are essential for planning, behavioral control, and problem-solving. It includes the following components: 1. Attention and Concentration:The individual’s ability to maintain focus on a specific stimulus while ignoring distracting or irrelevant stimuli. 2. Physiological Neuro Markers of the Brain: Measurable changes in the brain’s electrical activity that indicate neurobiological alterations (neuroplasticity) resulting from the interventions. Timepoint: At the beginning of the study (before the intervention) and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 months after the start of the intervention. Method of measurement: 1. Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. 2. Quantitative Electroencephalography. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Improvement of academic performance. Timepoint: At the beginning of the study (before the intervention starts) and three months after the intervention begins. Method of measurement: Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactPeyman Hassani Abhariyan
Tehran Institute for Advanced Studies in Cognitive Sciences
Outcome results
None listed